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Keywords = rotary inertia welding

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14 pages, 6908 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Photonic-like Welded Materials Using the Finite Element Method
by Ayse Nihan Basmaci and Seckin Filiz
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225498 - 11 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 954
Abstract
In this study, two identical and two dissimilar materials are conjoined by applying the friction welding method to yield various rods. This investigation’s primary focus entails examining the repercussions associated with the heat-affected zone (HAZ) arising from elevated temperatures at the welding interfaces [...] Read more.
In this study, two identical and two dissimilar materials are conjoined by applying the friction welding method to yield various rods. This investigation’s primary focus entails examining the repercussions associated with the heat-affected zone (HAZ) arising from elevated temperatures at the welding interfaces on the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves within the resultant structures. The study incorporates the photonic crystal approach in conjunction with Maxwell’s equations, and the subsequent solution of the latter is executed using the finite element method. The subdivision of the structures into fifteen elements is predicated upon the assumption of the electromagnetic wave number of the m-th segment, km, of discrete segments. The finite element method is then administered to the HAZ regions of the structures, wherein the HAZ is discretised into one, three, and five elements, respectively. Full article
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20 pages, 23218 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of IN690 Ni-Based Alloy/316LN Stainless-Steel Dissimilar Ring Joint Welded by Inertia Friction Welding
by Yiqi Tong, Liangliang Zhang, Chao Li, Yueting Ma, Peng Li and Honggang Dong
Materials 2024, 17(3), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030695 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1733
Abstract
Inertia friction welding (IFW) was used to join large-diameter hollow bars made of Inconel 690 and 316LN successfully. The interfacial characteristics, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of welded joints under different process parameters were investigated. The results indicated that a joining mechanism [...] Read more.
Inertia friction welding (IFW) was used to join large-diameter hollow bars made of Inconel 690 and 316LN successfully. The interfacial characteristics, microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of welded joints under different process parameters were investigated. The results indicated that a joining mechanism with mechanical interlocking and metallurgical bonding was found in IFW joints. There was a significant mechanical mixing zone at the welding interface. The elemental diffusion layer was found in the “wrinkles” of the mechanical mixing zone. A tiny quantity of C elements accumulated on the friction and secondary friction surfaces. The tensile strength and impact toughness of the joints increased with the total welding energy input. Increasing the friction pressure could make the grain in all parts of the joint uniformly refined, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of welded joints. The maximum tensile strength and impact toughness of the welded joint were 639 MPa and 146 J/cm2, reaching 94% and 68% of that for Inconel 690, respectively, when the flywheel was initially set at 760 rpm, 200 MPa for friction pressure, and 388 kg/m2 for rotary inertia. Due to the Kirkendall effect in the welded joint, superior metallurgical bonding was at the welding interface close to the Inconel 690 side compared to the 316LN side. Full article
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15 pages, 4523 KiB  
Article
Experimental Analysis of Welded Rods with a Functionally Graded Material Approach
by Ayse Nihan Basmaci, Seckin Filiz and Mümin Şahin
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3908; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113908 - 5 Jun 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3780
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of welding methods, using these methods in manufacturing industry and in advanced engineering has become more popular. In this study, mechanical properties of rods obtained by friction welding and electric arc welding are compared. Hence, three specimens [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the development of welding methods, using these methods in manufacturing industry and in advanced engineering has become more popular. In this study, mechanical properties of rods obtained by friction welding and electric arc welding are compared. Hence, three specimens with different material properties are manufactured, two of which are welded by friction welding and one of which is welded by electric arc welding. These three specimens are adapted to the ASTM E8-04 standard with the help of a universal lathe. Moreover, the tensile stress values and the elasticity modulus of all these specimens are obtained as a result of tensile tests. Accordingly, the effects of the type of welding and material properties used in manufacturing on the mechanical behavior of the specimens are examined. In addition, specimens taken from the cracked surfaces of the pieces broken from the specimens as a result of the tensile test are examined with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). These examinations reveal the microstructure of the specimens. The elemental distribution data obtained as a result of examinations with SEM and the mechanical property data obtained as a result of tensile tests support each other. Furthermore, effects of a heat affected zone (HAZ) on the mechanical properties of the rod are investigated as a functionally graded material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionally Graded Materials)
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