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Keywords = radio-frequency vacuum breakdown

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19 pages, 2438 KB  
Review
Design Criteria for High-Gradient Radio-Frequency Linacs
by Valery A. Dolgashev
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10849; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910849 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
This article will review methods used at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and other world accelerator laboratories to design high-gradient normal conducting accelerating structures. A quest for compact radio-frequency linacs fueled decades of studies toward a higher accelerating gradient. A major phenomena limiting [...] Read more.
This article will review methods used at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and other world accelerator laboratories to design high-gradient normal conducting accelerating structures. A quest for compact radio-frequency linacs fueled decades of studies toward a higher accelerating gradient. A major phenomena limiting the increase of the gradient is vacuum radio-frequency breakdown; therefore, this paper will address the breakdown physics and discuss approaches that reduce the breakdown probability. This discussion will cover both the electrical design and fabrication technology of the accelerating structures to achieve practical operating accelerating gradients in excess of 100 MV/m. Most of the data described here were obtained during the development of 11 GHz linacs for electron–positron linear colliders, so extrapolation of the results to other frequencies should be performed cautiously. Full article
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18 pages, 5537 KB  
Article
Starting Modes of Bi-Directional Plasma Thruster Utilizing Krypton
by Andrei I. Shumeiko, Victor D. Telekh and Sergei V. Ryzhkov
Symmetry 2023, 15(9), 1705; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15091705 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1920
Abstract
Multidirectional plasma thrusters are of particular interest for dynamic space missions due to the adjustability of their integral characteristics. One type of multidirectional plasma thrusters is -directional, consisting of a symmetric electromagnetic system surrounding the gas discharge chamber, capable of generating a propulsion [...] Read more.
Multidirectional plasma thrusters are of particular interest for dynamic space missions due to the adjustability of their integral characteristics. One type of multidirectional plasma thrusters is -directional, consisting of a symmetric electromagnetic system surrounding the gas discharge chamber, capable of generating a propulsion minimum in two directions. The experimental results of this study of the starting modes of a multidirectional plasma thruster utilizing krypton as propellant are reported. The thruster is placed in a vacuum chamber. The magnetic field strength is adjusted in the range of 35 to 400 G in peaks. The current of 13.56 MHz frequency applied to the antenna is regulated in the range of 0 to 25 A. The diameter of the orifices is varied in the range of 3 to 10 mm. In contrast to the unidirectional electrodeless plasma thruster, the radiofrequency breakdown threshold of the multidirectional plasma thruster decreases with increasing static magnetic field due to the symmetry of the magnetic system and the gas discharge chamber. The influence of the magnetic field on the radiofrequency breakdown threshold in the multidirectional plasma thruster is shown theoretically by the classical diffusion theory and ponderomotive effects, and discussed in the electron circulation hypothesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Physics of Plasma Technologies II)
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