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Keywords = pre-catenation

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17 pages, 1792 KiB  
Article
Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis to Study the Activity of Type IIA Topoisomerases on Plasmid Replication Intermediates
by Jorge Cebrián, Victor Martínez, Pablo Hernández, Dora B. Krimer, María-José Fernández-Nestosa and Jorge B. Schvartzman
Biology 2021, 10(11), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111195 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4644
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases are the enzymes that regulate DNA topology in all living cells. Since the discovery and purification of ω (omega), when the first were topoisomerase identified, the function of many topoisomerases has been examined. However, their ability to relax supercoiling and unlink [...] Read more.
DNA topoisomerases are the enzymes that regulate DNA topology in all living cells. Since the discovery and purification of ω (omega), when the first were topoisomerase identified, the function of many topoisomerases has been examined. However, their ability to relax supercoiling and unlink the pre-catenanes of partially replicated molecules has received little attention. Here, we used two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to test the function of three type II DNA topoisomerases in vitro: the prokaryotic DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV and the human topoisomerase 2α. We examined the proficiency of these topoisomerases on a partially replicated bacterial plasmid: pBR-TerE@AatII, with an unidirectional replicating fork, stalled when approximately half of the plasmid had been replicated in vivo. DNA was isolated from two strains of Escherichia coli: DH5αF’ and parE10. These experiments allowed us to assess, for the first time, the efficiency of the topoisomerases examined to resolve supercoiling and pre-catenanes in partially replicated molecules and fully replicated catenanes formed in vivo. The results obtained revealed the preferential functions and also some redundancy in the abilities of these DNA topoisomerases in vitro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genetics and Genomics)
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7 pages, 5673 KiB  
Article
Development of a Highly Flexible and High-Resolution Deep-Towed Streamer
by Toshio Yamazu, Koshi Haraguchi, Takahiko Inoue and Kohsaku Arai
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(8), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080254 - 2 Aug 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3668
Abstract
We have developed new a deep-towed seismic streamer for sub-bottom profiling. To obtain a high-resolution seismic signal, this streamer can be operated at depths of up to 2000 m, and state-of-the-art technology is adopted with electronics circuits, that can withstand high pressures of [...] Read more.
We have developed new a deep-towed seismic streamer for sub-bottom profiling. To obtain a high-resolution seismic signal, this streamer can be operated at depths of up to 2000 m, and state-of-the-art technology is adopted with electronics circuits, that can withstand high pressures of up to 22 MPa. The streamer houses an ultra-low noise pre-amplifier, micro-processor, AD convertor, high precision clock, gain controller, and other circuitry in an oil-filled vessel. The high S/N ratio gives us high-resolution seismic images. The streamer comprises several catenated single modules and the recorded acoustic data are transmitted to the control computer with the Ethernet protocol. This makes the length of the streamer cable, and the number of hydrophones, flexible. For instance, we can use both single-channel and multi-channel streamers in the same system. Up to 24-channels can be catenated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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