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Keywords = peritenon

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14 pages, 6379 KB  
Article
Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon of the Horse Forelimb and Its Relationship with the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon: A Plastination, Histological, and Morphometry Study
by Gulsum Eren, Octavio López-Albors, Ruth Guilabert Segura, Joana Jordan Montesinos and Rafael Latorre
Animals 2024, 14(20), 2952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14202952 - 14 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4288
Abstract
The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFT) plays a crucial role in the stay apparatus of the horse. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical relationship between the AL-DDFT, the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), and other structures in the [...] Read more.
The accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFT) plays a crucial role in the stay apparatus of the horse. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical relationship between the AL-DDFT, the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), and other structures in the metacarpal region. Sixteen distal forelimbs from eight horses, aged 1 to 6 years, were evaluated through macroscopic, microscopic, and morphometric analyses, utilizing detailed dissection, E12 plastinated sections, and histological analysis. During lateral dissection, a connection was observed between the AL-DDFT and the SDFT. Histological evaluation revealed that this connection was a fibrous band (FB), extending the common synovial sheath (CSS) to the SDFT, along with associated collagen fibrils of the epiligament and peritenon. Additionally, two distinct forms of the AL-DDFT were identified, Type I and Type II, with Type II showing a greater cross-sectional area (CSA) than Type I. While numerous morphological and morphometric studies have explored the AL-DDFT and related structures, research incorporating plastination-based morphological and histological evaluations remains scarce. The findings provide valuable insights for both the morphological and clinical assessment of structures within the metacarpal region. Full article
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19 pages, 2588 KB  
Article
Examining the Potential of Vitamin C Supplementation in Tissue-Engineered Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Constructs
by Michael J. Mienaltowski, Mitchell Callahan, Nicole L. Gonzales and Angelique Wong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 17098; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317098 - 4 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5576
Abstract
Because equine tendinopathies are slow to heal and often recur, therapeutic strategies are being considered that aid tendon repair. Given the success of utilizing vitamin C to promote tenogenesis in other species, we hypothesized that vitamin C supplementation would produce dose-dependent improvements in [...] Read more.
Because equine tendinopathies are slow to heal and often recur, therapeutic strategies are being considered that aid tendon repair. Given the success of utilizing vitamin C to promote tenogenesis in other species, we hypothesized that vitamin C supplementation would produce dose-dependent improvements in the tenogenic properties of tendon proper (TP) and peritenon (PERI) cells of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). Equine TP- and PERI-progenitor-cell-seeded fibrin three-dimensional constructs were supplemented with four concentrations of vitamin C. The gene expression profiles of the constructs were assessed with 3′-Tag-Seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); collagen content and fibril ultrastructure were also analyzed. Moreover, cells were challenged with dexamethasone to determine the levels of cytoprotection afforded by vitamin C. Expression profiling demonstrated that vitamin C had an anti-inflammatory effect on TP and PERI cell constructs. Moreover, vitamin C supplementation mitigated the degenerative pathways seen in tendinopathy and increased collagen content in tendon constructs. When challenged with dexamethasone in two-dimensional culture, vitamin C had a cytoprotective effect for TP cells but not necessarily for PERI cells. Future studies will explore the effects of vitamin C on these cells during inflammation and within the tendon niche in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Road Map to Tendon Regeneration)
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