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Keywords = periodic woodpile structure

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12 pages, 2945 KiB  
Article
UV-Assisted Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Double-Base Propellant
by Manman Li, Yuchen Gao, Qionglin Wang, Weitao Yang, Guo-Lin Gao and Zaixing Jiang
Polymers 2025, 17(6), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17060808 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 602
Abstract
Double-base (DB) propellants, renowned for their superior performance and cost-effectiveness, are extensively utilized in both rocketry and artillery applications. During the 3D printing process of double-base propellants, auxiliary solvents play a crucial role in plasticizing the DB propellant mixtures. Consequently, the printed propellants [...] Read more.
Double-base (DB) propellants, renowned for their superior performance and cost-effectiveness, are extensively utilized in both rocketry and artillery applications. During the 3D printing process of double-base propellants, auxiliary solvents play a crucial role in plasticizing the DB propellant mixtures. Consequently, the printed propellants are prone to significant shrinkage and dimensional instability as a result of solvent evaporation post-printing. To address these challenges, we have innovated a UV-assisted material extrusion 3D printing technique that preserves the intended geometries of the DB propellant. The results of our printing trials indicate that incorporating an energetic UV-curable resin as a modifier into the DB propellant paste is highly effective. Ultimately, we successfully fabricated a porous propellant cylinder featuring a periodic woodpile structure. Additionally, the internal structure, mechanical properties, combustion characteristics, and in-barrel ballistic performance of the printed propellants have been thoroughly characterized. Our findings underscore that the UV-assisted material extrusion additive manufacturing process confers exceptional properties to the DB propellant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Processing and Engineering)
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28 pages, 9843 KiB  
Review
Photonic Crystal Structures for Photovoltaic Applications
by Anna Starczewska and Mirosława Kępińska
Materials 2024, 17(5), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051196 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5175
Abstract
Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. This feature results in a spectral region over which no light can propagate within such a material, known as the photonic band gap (PBG). It leads to [...] Read more.
Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. This feature results in a spectral region over which no light can propagate within such a material, known as the photonic band gap (PBG). It leads to a unique interaction between light and matter. A photonic crystal can redirect, concentrate, or even trap incident light. Different materials (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, polymers, etc.) and 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures (layers, inverse opal, woodpile, etc.) of photonic crystals enable great flexibility in designing the optical response of the material. This opens an extensive range of applications, including photovoltaics. Photonic crystals can be used as anti-reflective and light-trapping surfaces, back reflectors, spectrum splitters, absorption enhancers, radiation coolers, or electron transport layers. This paper presents an overview of the developments and trends in designing photonic structures for different photovoltaic applications. Full article
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