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Keywords = ocular immune-related adverse events (OirAEs)

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28 pages, 4916 KiB  
Review
Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review
by Kevin Y. Wu, Yoel Yakobi, Diana D. Gueorguieva and Éric Mazerolle
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112547 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2850
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering significant improvements in patient survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including those affecting the eye and its surrounding structures, collectively termed ocular [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering significant improvements in patient survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including those affecting the eye and its surrounding structures, collectively termed ocular irAEs (OirAEs). Although rare, OirAEs (e.g., keratitis, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, etc.) can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life, leading to ocular complications if left untreated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of OirAEs associated with ICIs, including their clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and current management strategies. We delve into the anterior and posterior segment adverse events, highlighting conditions such as dry eye, uveitis, and retinal disorders, as well as neuro-ophthalmic and orbital complications. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in diagnosing and treating these conditions, particularly given the overlap with other autoimmune and paraneoplastic syndromes. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions aimed at optimizing the management of OirAEs while maintaining the efficacy of cancer therapy. This review underscores the need for increased awareness among clinicians to prevent irreversible ocular damage and enhance patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Cancer)
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