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Due to the past t_P and the future t_F being divided into a pair of opposing times by the now t_N, the generation mechanism of the contradiction is attributed in this paper as the process in which the time increment Δt and Δt’ are transmitted from the past t_P and the future t_F to the present moment t_N, respectively, and then reverse each other. The category and topos of time contradictorily constructed by the mechanism is discussed. It is shown that not only can the laws of the “Unification of Opposites”, “Mutual change of Quality and Quantity” and “Negation of negation” of the contradiction be represented in this form of category, but some of classic constructions appearing in the fields of mathematics, physics, logic, life, nerves, thinking, and intelligence can also be considered as morphosm- or pattern-induced and emerge via this mechanism as well. On the other hands, a series of concepts, models, and algorithms for noetic science, such as the attribute conjunctive monoid category (ACMC), attribute reasoning lattice category (ARLC), attribute coordinate system (ACS), attribute coordinate analysis method based on the learning of ACS for perception, cognition, and decision-making (ACAM), qualitative (conversion degree) mapping from quantity to quality (QM), attribute grid computer based on qualitative mapping, qualitative criteria transformation (AGC), etc., which have been verified through corresponding experiments, have been proposed, so that not only a set of attribute theory methods from perception to cognition and thinking have been constructed, but the synthetized framework of “Quantitative ⨂ Fixed Image ⇒ Qualitative”, called “Framework of Syntenic Three Approaches” (FSTA) can also be induced. It is possible to provide an alternative reference path and technical solution for noetic science and open complex giant systems because FSTA is consistent with the framework of “Quantitative Intelligence ⨂ Fixed Image Intelligence ⇒ Qualitative Intelligence (Meta Synthetic Wisdom)”, as proposed by Hsue-shen Tsien. Full article

William James proposed in 1902 that states of mystical experience, central to his idea of religious experience, can be identified based on their ineffability and their noetic quality. The epistemological category of the noetic quality, modified by W. T. Stace in 1960, plays a central but somewhat confounding role in today’s biomedical research involving psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD. Using scales based on James, it can be shown that psychedelics “reliably occasion” intense subjective states of experience or mystical states. It is debated whether these states are necessary for the wide range of possible mental health therapeutic benefits that appear to follow. This paper reviews what James said about the noetic quality and its relationship to religious experience, epistemology, and states of mystical experience. It explores how the noetic quality is measured in today’s research, addressing a growing list of concerns that psychedelic science can be epistemologically biased, that it is hostile to atheistic or physicalist views, that it injects religion unduly into science, or that it needs to find ways to eliminate the mystical element, if not the entire intense subjective experience altogether. Full article