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Keywords = mudflat hiking tour

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14 pages, 1280 KB  
Article
Out-of-School Learning in the Wadden Sea: The Influence of a Mudflat Hiking Tour on the Environmental Attitudes and Environmental Knowledge of Secondary School Students
by Till Schmäing and Norbert Grotjohann
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010403 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4631
Abstract
In this study, the Wadden Sea, as an out-of-school learning site, is considered from an empirical-research perspective of environmental education. The Wadden Sea in Germany is part of the largest contiguous mudflat area in the world. Although much evidence is already available on [...] Read more.
In this study, the Wadden Sea, as an out-of-school learning site, is considered from an empirical-research perspective of environmental education. The Wadden Sea in Germany is part of the largest contiguous mudflat area in the world. Although much evidence is already available on different teaching and learning processes at various out-of-school learning sites, this is not yet the case for the Wadden Sea. This research gap was taken up. In this paper, 427 students (mean age: 11.74 years) participated in a mudflat hiking tour. A pre–post-test design followed by a retention test was used to determine the impact of this on participants’ environmental attitudes and environmental knowledge. The single factor analyses of variance with repeated measures demonstrated that the mudflat hiking tour had both a positive short-term and a positive long-term impact on environmental attitudes, as well as on environmental knowledge. All three constructs could, therefore, be positively influenced by the intervention. Correlation analyses revealed a positive relationship between environmental attitudes and environmental knowledge at three measurement time points. These results empirically confirm the potential of the Wadden Sea as an out-of-school learning site for environmental education with students from secondary schools. The effectiveness of non-formal education in this ecological environment can be proven. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Education: Guiding the Next Generation to Fall in Love with Nature)
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19 pages, 305 KB  
Article
Students’ Word Associations with Different Terms Related to the Wadden Sea: Does the Place of Residence (Coast or Inland) Have an Influence?
by Till Schmäing and Norbert Grotjohann
Educ. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060284 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4284
Abstract
This paper presents students’ word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words Wadden Sea [...] Read more.
This paper presents students’ word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words Wadden Sea, mudflat hiking tour, and tides in written form. Data were collected from students living close to the Wadden Sea and from students living inland. We performed a quantitative content analysis including the corresponding formation of categories. In addition, students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences the Wadden Sea ecosystem were recorded. The study shows that not only subject-related concepts should be considered at different levels, but non-subject-related aspects as well. The associations of the inland and non-inland students are statistically significantly different. The Wadden Sea and its biome were found to be completely unknown to some students. Students’ school, out-of-school with the class, and private experiences of the wetlands are also very mixed, regarding their Wadden Sea visitation frequency, and surprisingly cannot be directly derived from their place of residence. This research makes an important contribution towards the design of future biology didactic studies on the Wadden Sea. Full article
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