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Keywords = mitochondrial ribosomal protein S4 (mt-RPS4)

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23 pages, 8364 KB  
Article
Orf116b Induces Pollen Abortion in a Novel Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line J4A
by Min Li, Aziz Khan, Jie Zheng, Jingyi You, Li Chen, Najeeb Ullah, Songguo Wu, Xiaoshuang Wei, Munsif Ali Shad, Ruiyang Zhou and Lingqiang Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12257; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212257 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1731
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) systems have great potential in hybrid seed production in many plants. However, the incompatibility between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and the availability of fewer CMS lines limit the system’s application in cotton heterosis. Therefore, the present study sequenced [...] Read more.
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) systems have great potential in hybrid seed production in many plants. However, the incompatibility between the cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and the availability of fewer CMS lines limit the system’s application in cotton heterosis. Therefore, the present study sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of a novel cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CMS line J4A and its cytoplasmic nuclear homologous maintainer line J4B to investigate the mechanism underlying CMS and improve its application. A novel CMS gene, orf116b, was identified in the CMS line. Ectopic expression of orf116b in Escherichia coli suppressed growth, while its overexpression in Arabidopsis, rice, tobacco, and cotton led to complete or partial male sterility. Further analysis of anthers revealed mt disruption in J4A with higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but lower levels of ATP and ribosomal protein (RP) than in J4B. Finally, a membrane-based yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that orf116b probably interacts with an anther-specific protein, LAT52. These observations collectively proved that orf116b is associated with early and stable pollen abortion in cotton, providing a foundation for further research on cotton fertility restoration and heterosis breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Plant Metabolite Research)
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24 pages, 1075 KB  
Review
Control of Cell Differentiation by Mitochondria, Typically Evidenced in Dictyostelium Development
by Yasuo Maeda and Junji Chida
Biomolecules 2013, 3(4), 943-966; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom3040943 - 11 Nov 2013
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 12247
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are self-reproducing organelles with their own DNA and they play a central role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by respiration. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondria also have critical and multiple functions in the initiation of cell differentiation, cell-type determination, [...] Read more.
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are self-reproducing organelles with their own DNA and they play a central role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by respiration. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondria also have critical and multiple functions in the initiation of cell differentiation, cell-type determination, cell movement, and pattern formation. This has been most strikingly realized in development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium. For example, the expression of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein S4 (mt-rps4) gene is required for the initial differentiation. The Dictyostelium homologue (Dd-TRAP1) of TRAP-1 (tumor necrosis receptor-associated protein 1), a mitochondrial molecular chaperone belonging to the Hsp90 family, allows the prompt transition of cells from growth to differentiation through a novel prestarvation factor (PSF-3) in growth medium. Moreover, a cell-type-specific organelle named a prespore-specific vacuole (PSV) is constructed by mitochondrial transformation with the help of the Golgi complex. Mitochondria are also closely involved in a variety of cellular activities including CN-resistant respiration and apoptosis. These mitochondrial functions are reviewed in this article, with special emphasis on the regulation of Dictyostelium development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus Update in Biomolecules)
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