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Keywords = in-ear pressure variance

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16 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Wearable Sensing of In-Ear Pressure for Heart Rate Monitoring with a Piezoelectric Sensor
by Jang-Ho Park, Dae-Geun Jang, Jung Wook Park and Se-Kyoung Youm
Sensors 2015, 15(9), 23402-23417; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150923402 - 16 Sep 2015
Cited by 94 | Viewed by 18010
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel heart rate (HR) monitoring approach in which we measure the pressure variance of the surface of the ear canal. A scissor-shaped apparatus equipped with a piezoelectric film sensor and a hardware circuit module was designed for [...] Read more.
In this study, we developed a novel heart rate (HR) monitoring approach in which we measure the pressure variance of the surface of the ear canal. A scissor-shaped apparatus equipped with a piezoelectric film sensor and a hardware circuit module was designed for high wearability and to obtain stable measurement. In the proposed device, the film sensor converts in-ear pulse waves (EPW) into electrical current, and the circuit module enhances the EPW and suppresses noise. A real-time algorithm embedded in the circuit module performs morphological conversions to make the EPW more distinct and knowledge-based rules are used to detect EPW peaks. In a clinical experiment conducted using a reference electrocardiogram (ECG) device, EPW and ECG were concurrently recorded from 58 healthy subjects. The EPW intervals between successive peaks and their corresponding ECG intervals were then compared to each other. Promising results were obtained from the samples, specifically, a sensitivity of 97.25%, positive predictive value of 97.17%, and mean absolute difference of 0.62. Thus, highly accurate HR was obtained from in-ear pressure variance. Consequently, we believe that our proposed approach could be used to monitor vital signs and also utilized in diverse applications in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noninvasive Biomedical Sensors)
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