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Keywords = gut virome–host immune axis

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23 pages, 662 KB  
Review
Lung Microbiota: From Healthy Lungs to Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Marija M. Stankovic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041403 - 7 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Lung health is dependent on a complex picture of the lung microbiota composed of bacteriobiota, mycobiota, and virome. The studies have demonstrated that the lung microbiota has a crucial role in host protection by regulating innate and adaptive lung immunity. Chronic obstructive pulmonary [...] Read more.
Lung health is dependent on a complex picture of the lung microbiota composed of bacteriobiota, mycobiota, and virome. The studies have demonstrated that the lung microbiota has a crucial role in host protection by regulating innate and adaptive lung immunity. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease featuring changed microbiota composition and diversity, known as a dysbiosis. The lung dysbiosis increases with the progress of COPD and during exacerbation. Two models of dysbiosis have been proposed: dysbiosis and inflammation cycles and the disturbance of bacterial interactome. Still, it is unknown if the driving factor of the pathogenesis of COPD belongs to the host or microbiota. Recently, host–microbiota and microbe–microbe interactions have been highlighted in COPD, but the mechanisms behind these interactions need further exploration. The function of the gut–lung axis is crucial for the maintenance of lung health and is affected in COPD. The application of probiotics has resulted in host–beneficial effects, and it is likely that future progress in this field will aid in the therapy of COPD. In this review, the composition of the lung microbiota, molecular mechanisms, and clinical aspects relating to host and microbiota in health and COPD are comprehensively provided. Full article
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16 pages, 1554 KB  
Review
Does the Human Gut Virome Contribute to Host Health or Disease?
by Grazia Pavia, Nadia Marascio, Giovanni Matera and Angela Quirino
Viruses 2023, 15(11), 2271; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112271 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3521
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses and their genomes, metabolites, and proteins, collectively known as the “gut virome”. This complex community of viruses colonizing the enteric mucosa is pivotal in regulating host immunity. The mechanisms involved in cross communication [...] Read more.
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses and their genomes, metabolites, and proteins, collectively known as the “gut virome”. This complex community of viruses colonizing the enteric mucosa is pivotal in regulating host immunity. The mechanisms involved in cross communication between mucosal immunity and the gut virome, as well as their relationship in health and disease, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on the human gut virome’s composition and evolution and the interplay between the gut virome and enteric mucosal immunity and their molecular mechanisms. Our review suggests that future research efforts should focus on unraveling the mechanisms of gut viruses in human homeostasis and pathophysiology and on developing virus-prompted precision therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
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