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Keywords = germline POT1 alteration

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23 pages, 2935 KiB  
Review
Germline Non-CDKN2A Variants in Melanoma and Associated Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
by Chiara Anna Fiasconaro, Alice Carbone, Silvia Giordano, Francesco Cavallo, Paolo Fava, Barbara Pasini, Yuliya Yakymiv, Sara Marchisio, Pietro Quaglino, Simone Ribero and Gabriele Roccuzzo
Diseases 2025, 13(6), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13060180 - 9 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 488
Abstract
The etiology of melanoma is multifactorial and arises from the interplay of genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. The genetic predisposition to melanoma is influenced by a complex interaction among genes exhibiting varying levels of penetrance (high, moderate, and low), each contributing differently to [...] Read more.
The etiology of melanoma is multifactorial and arises from the interplay of genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. The genetic predisposition to melanoma is influenced by a complex interaction among genes exhibiting varying levels of penetrance (high, moderate, and low), each contributing differently to the susceptibility of the disease. Furthermore, penetrance may vary based on the incidence of melanoma across diverse populations and geographical regions. Advances in genetic sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of novel genes potentially associated with melanoma, as well as the characterization of relevant germline variants. While the most extensively researched variant is CDKN2A, recent studies have highlighted other variants unrelated to CDKN2A as significant areas of investigation. Among them, high-penetrance genes encompass CDK4, BAP1, POT1, TERT, ACD, and TERF2IP. In contrast, moderate-penetrance genes include MC1R, MITF, and SLC45A2, while low-penetrance genes consist of OCA2, TYRP1, and TYR. In addition to elevating the risk of melanoma, these genetic alterations may also predispose individuals to internal neoplasms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the definitions of sporadic, multiple primary, familial, and hereditary melanoma, with a particular emphasis on non-CDKN2A germline variants and their dermoscopic and phenotypic features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Melanoma: From Basic Research to Clinical Management, and Future Horizons Exploitation)
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11 pages, 898 KiB  
Review
Germline POT1 Variants: A Critical Perspective on POT1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome
by Virginia Andreotti, Irene Vanni, Lorenza Pastorino, Paola Ghiorzo and William Bruno
Genes 2024, 15(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15010104 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
The Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) gene was identified as a melanoma predisposition candidate nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1–TPD). [...] Read more.
The Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) gene was identified as a melanoma predisposition candidate nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1–TPD). While the key role, and related risks, of the alterations in POT1 in melanoma are established, the correlation between germline POT1 variants and the susceptibility to other cancers partially lacks evidence, due also to the rarity of POT1–TPD. Issues range from the absence of functional or segregation studies to biased datasets or the need for a revised classification of variants. Furthermore, a proposal of a surveillance protocol related to the cancers associated with POT1 pathogenic variants requires reliable data to avoid an excessive, possibly unjustified, burden for POT1 variant carriers. We propose a critical perspective regarding data published over the last 10 years that correlate POT1 variants to various types of cancer, other than cutaneous melanoma, to offer food for thought for the specialists who manage cancer predisposition syndromes and to stimulate a debate on the grey areas that have been exposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility)
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7 pages, 935 KiB  
Communication
Identification of a Cancer-Predisposing Germline POT1 p.Ile49Metfs*7 Variant by Targeted Sequencing of a Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
by Audrey N. Jajosky, Anna L. Mitchell, Mahmut Akgul, Shashirekha Shetty, Jennifer M. Yoest, Stanton L. Gerson, Navid Sadri and Kwadwo A. Oduro
Genes 2022, 13(4), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040591 - 26 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3299
Abstract
Germline disruptive variants in Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) predispose to a wide variety of cancers, including melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and glioma. We report the first case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) arising in [...] Read more.
Germline disruptive variants in Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) predispose to a wide variety of cancers, including melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and glioma. We report the first case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) arising in a patient with a germline POT1 variant: a 65-year-old male with an extensive history of cancer, including melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma, who presented with circulating atypical lymphocytosis. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 20% involvement by a CD5−CD10− B-cell lymphoma that was difficult to classify. During the clinical workup of his low-grade lymphoma, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified POT1 p.I49Mfs*7 (NM_015450:c. 147delT) at a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 51%. NGS of skin fibroblasts confirmed the POT1 variant was germline. This likely pathogenic POT1 loss-of-function variant has only been reported once before as a germline variant in a patient with glioma and likely represents one of the most deleterious germline POT1 variants ever linked to familial cancer. The spectrum of cancers associated with germline pathogenic POT1 variants (i.e., autosomal dominant POT1 tumor predisposition syndrome) should potentially be expanded to include SMZL, a disease often associated with the loss of chromosome 7q: the location of the POT1 genetic locus (7q31.33). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation Sequencing in Clinical Diagnostics)
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19 pages, 1254 KiB  
Review
Role of POT1 in Human Cancer
by Yangxiu Wu, Rebecca C. Poulos and Roger R. Reddel
Cancers 2020, 12(10), 2739; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102739 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 7686
Abstract
Telomere abnormalities facilitate cancer development by contributing to genomic instability and cellular immortalization. The Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex. It directly binds to single-stranded telomeric DNA, protecting chromosomal ends from an inappropriate [...] Read more.
Telomere abnormalities facilitate cancer development by contributing to genomic instability and cellular immortalization. The Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex. It directly binds to single-stranded telomeric DNA, protecting chromosomal ends from an inappropriate DNA damage response, and plays a role in telomere length regulation. Alterations of POT1 have been detected in a range of cancers. Here, we review the biological functions of POT1, the prevalence of POT1 germline and somatic mutations across cancer predisposition syndromes and tumor types, and the dysregulation of POT1 expression in cancers. We propose a framework for understanding how POT1 abnormalities may contribute to oncogenesis in different cell types. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of POT1 alterations in the germline and in cancer, and possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer)
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