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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = fecal vancomycin concentration

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11 pages, 1652 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Liquid on Clostridioides difficile Infection on C57BL/6 Mice
by Ming Chen, Lin Zhai, Kristian Schønning, Warner Alpízar-Alpízar, Ole Larum, Leif Percival Andersen, Susanne Holck and Alice Friis-Møller
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081602 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Background: Clostridioides difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is a major healthcare-associated infection. New treatment options for CDAD are needed. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi (HXZQ), was chosen to test against CDAD in a mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged [...] Read more.
Background: Clostridioides difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is a major healthcare-associated infection. New treatment options for CDAD are needed. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi (HXZQ), was chosen to test against CDAD in a mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with C difficile (ATCC 43255) orally; then received saline; vancomycin 25 mg/kg; or HXZQ in two different concentrations twice daily for 5 days. The animals’ body weight; clinical signs; and survival rates were registered daily. Fecal pellets from each animal were taken for PCR analysis as a control of infection. Results: 50% of the mice receiving saline died; 85.7% of the mice receiving vancomycin survived; 75% of the mice receiving HXZQ survived; and 87.5% of the mice receiving a 1:1 saline dilution of HXZQ survived. The HXZQ-treated groups were C. difficile PCR positive with loads less than that of the untreated mice. The weight loss in the vancomycin plus HXZQ 1:1 treated group; the vancomycin-treated group; and the untreated group were 3.08%, 4.06%, and 9.62%, respectively. Conclusions: our results showed that HXZQ can protect mice from CDAD-related death as effectively as vancomycin and the combination of vancomycin and HXZQ may give even better protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Natural Products against Pathogens)
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6 pages, 238 KiB  
Brief Report
Detectable Vancomycin Stool Concentrations in Hospitalized Patients with Diarrhea Given Intravenous Vancomycin
by Taryn A. Eubank, Chenlin Hu, Anne J. Gonzales-Luna and Kevin W. Garey
Pharmacoepidemiology 2023, 2(4), 283-288; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharma2040024 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2292
Abstract
Vancomycin is not appreciably passaged via the colonic membrane to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in persons with an intact gut epithelium due to its large chemical structure. However; hospitalized patients with diarrhea often have a disrupted GI tract. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Vancomycin is not appreciably passaged via the colonic membrane to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in persons with an intact gut epithelium due to its large chemical structure. However; hospitalized patients with diarrhea often have a disrupted GI tract. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of detectable vancomycin concentrations in the stool of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea receiving IV vancomycin. This was a multicenter cohort study of hospitalized patients with stool samples collected for Clostridioides difficile testing. Leftover stool samples were collected from patients who had received at least 3 days of IV vancomycin. Fecal vancomycin was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The study cohort included 33 unique patients, majority female (54.5%) aged 60 years (range 23–84). Eighteen of thirty-three patients (54.5%) tested positive for C. difficile toxins. The average duration of systemic vancomycin administration prior to stool collection was 3.5 (range 2–15) days. Three of 33 (9%) stool samples had a detectable vancomycin concentration (range 1.2–13.2 mcg/mL). These concentrations may promote the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus or van mutations in C. difficile, leading to vancomycin resistance. Further studies on implications are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Infectives: Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology)
8 pages, 694 KiB  
Review
Effective Dosage of Oral Vancomycin in Treatment for Initial Episode of Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Chia-Yu Chiu, Amara Sarwal, Addi Feinstein and Karen Hennessey
Antibiotics 2019, 8(4), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040173 - 1 Oct 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7916
Abstract
Background: Oral vancomycin is a first line treatment for an initial episode of Clostridioides difficile infection. However, the comparative efficacy of different dosing regimens is lacking evidence in the current literature. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. from inception to [...] Read more.
Background: Oral vancomycin is a first line treatment for an initial episode of Clostridioides difficile infection. However, the comparative efficacy of different dosing regimens is lacking evidence in the current literature. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. from inception to May 2019. Only articles published in English are reviewed. This meta-analysis compares the effects of low dose oral vancomycin (<2 g per day) versus high dose vancomycin (2 g per day) for treatment of initial Clostridioides difficile infection. Results: One randomized controlled trial and two retrospective cohort studies are included. A total of 137 patients are identified, 53 of which were treated with low dose oral vancomycin (39%) and 84 with high dose oral vancomycin (61%). There is no significant reduction in recurrence rates with high dose vancomycin compared to low dose vancomycin for treating initial episodes of non-fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection ((odds ratio (OR) 2.058, 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.653 to 6.489). Conclusions: Based on limited data in the literature, low dose vancomycin is no different than high dose vancomycin for treatment of an initial episode of Clostridioides difficile infection in terms of recurrence rate. Additional large clinical trials comparing the different dosages of vancomycin in initial Clostridioides difficile infection are warranted. Full article
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