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Keywords = fatliquoring agent

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14 pages, 1249 KiB  
Article
Use of Antioxidants to Reduce Chromium (VI) Formation during the Leather Tanning Process
by Omar Salmi, Alessandro Molinelli, Simone Gelosa, Alessandro Sacchetti, Filippo Rossi and Maurizio Masi
Sustain. Chem. 2024, 5(3), 244-257; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem5030016 - 5 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2054
Abstract
For a long time, the leather industry has considered the chromium tanning process to be the easiest and fastest way to treat raw hides and transform them into valuable products. In the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to the potential [...] Read more.
For a long time, the leather industry has considered the chromium tanning process to be the easiest and fastest way to treat raw hides and transform them into valuable products. In the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to the potential oxidation of the trivalent chromium in tanned leather. This happens for many reasons, such as the quality of the tanning agent or the adoption of good manufacturing practices. Anyway, the main problem, which is difficult to solve, is the sensibility of the free residual chromium tanned leather, which is high enough for possible harmful activity. Given this scenario, this work proposes a solution to decrease hexavalent chromium formation by using antioxidants during the leather tanning process. In this regard, a screening work was started, to find the worst-case scenario for trivalent chromium oxidation. To do this, commercial tanning products were employed, especially fatliquoring agents, which, in some cases, are the main source that could easily react with ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) to drive chromium oxidation. After the determination of conditions, different groups of common antioxidants were tested to analyse the antioxidation performances and their possible use in the chromium-based tanning process. The results underline the efficient action of the antioxidants studied, paving the way for some interesting perspectives to limit the drawbacks of chromium tanned leather. Full article
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11 pages, 3334 KiB  
Article
A Fluorescent Tracer Based on Castor Oil for Monitoring the Mass Transfer of Fatliquoring Agent in Leather
by Hongmei Wen, Yulu Wang, Hongxia Zhu, Liqiang Jin and Feifei Zhang
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031167 - 2 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2587
Abstract
Fatliquoring is one of the most important processes in leather making, in which the collagen fibers are split effectively, while the crust acquires a good softness and mechanical strength. The effectiveness of fatliquoring depends not only on the variety and dosage of fatliquoring [...] Read more.
Fatliquoring is one of the most important processes in leather making, in which the collagen fibers are split effectively, while the crust acquires a good softness and mechanical strength. The effectiveness of fatliquoring depends not only on the variety and dosage of fatliquoring agent but also on its distribution in hierarchical collagen fiber layers. Up to now, the research about the mass transfer of fatliquoring agent in leather is very limited because quantifying the distribution of invisible fatliquor in leather is very difficult. In this paper, a fluorescent tracing technique based on modified castor oil was established and send used to investigate the mass transfer of fatliquor in leather. The crucial fluorescent tracer was synthesized favorably by the reaction of castor oil, successively with maleic anhydride and 5-aminofluorescein, which was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and DSC. The fluorescent tracer was pH-sensitive and emitted an intense fluorescent signal at pH 8–10. Then, it was applied to monitor the fatliquoring process in real-time. Compared with Sudan IV or Nile Blue sulphate dyeing tests, this fluorescent tracing technique could conveniently visualize and quantify the penetration and distribution of fatliquor in leather process. Full article
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