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Keywords = crosslink density (CLD)

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18 pages, 3588 KiB  
Article
Self-Healing UV-Curable Acrylate Coatings for Wood Finishing System, Part 2: Impact of Monomer Structure and Self-Healing Parameters on Self-Healing Efficiency
by Chloé Paquet, Stephen Brown, Jolanta E. Klemberg-Sapieha, Jean-François Morin and Véronic Landry
Coatings 2021, 11(11), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111328 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3895
Abstract
Wood is increasingly used in construction for the benefits it brings to occupants and for its ecological aspect. Indoor wood products are frequently subject to mechanical aggressions, their abrasion and scratch resistance thus need to be improved. The coating system ensures the wood [...] Read more.
Wood is increasingly used in construction for the benefits it brings to occupants and for its ecological aspect. Indoor wood products are frequently subject to mechanical aggressions, their abrasion and scratch resistance thus need to be improved. The coating system ensures the wood surface protection, which is, for wood flooring, a multilayer acrylate UV-curable 100% solid system. To increase the service life of wood flooring, a new property is studied: self-healing. The objective of this study is to observe the impact of monomer structure on self-healing efficiency and the effect of self-healing parameters. A previous formulation was developed using hydrogen bond technology to generate the self-healing property. In this paper, the assessment of the formulation and the self-healing parameters’ impact on self-healing efficiency as well as the physicochemical properties are presented. The composition of the monomer part in the formulations was varied, and the effect on the conversion yield (measured by FT-IR), on the Tg and crosslinking density (measured by DMA) and on mechanical resistance (evaluated via hardness pendulum, indentation, and reverse impact) was analyzed. The self-healing efficiency of the coatings was determined by gloss and scratch depth measurements (under constant and progressive load). It was proven that monomers with three acrylate functions bring too much crosslinking, which inhibits the chain mobility necessary to observe self-healing. The presence of the AHPMA monomer in the formulation permits considerably increasing the crosslinking density (CLD) while keeping good self-healing efficiency. It was also observed that the self-healing behavior of the coatings is different according to the damage caused. Indeed, the self-healing results after abrasion and after scratch (under constant or progressive load) are different. In conclusion, it is possible to increase CLD while keeping self-healing behavior until a certain limit and with a linear monomer structure to avoid steric hindrance. Moreover, the selection of the best coatings (the one with the highest self-healing) depends on the damage. Full article
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10 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Study on the Aging Behavior of Natural Rubber/Butadiene Rubber (NR/BR) Blends Using a Parallel Spring Model
by Byungwoo Moon, Jongmin Lee, Soo Park and Chang-Sung Seok
Polymers 2018, 10(6), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10060658 - 12 Jun 2018
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 8055
Abstract
Natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) blends are widely used in industrial areas for absorbing vibrations and shocks because of their excellent elastic stability. However, when an industrial-equipment surface is exposed to sunlight and oxygen over a long period of time, the rubber hardens. As [...] Read more.
Natural rubber/butadiene rubber (NR/BR) blends are widely used in industrial areas for absorbing vibrations and shocks because of their excellent elastic stability. However, when an industrial-equipment surface is exposed to sunlight and oxygen over a long period of time, the rubber hardens. As a result, the tensile properties of the rubber material and the behavior of the strain-energy density function are changed, greatly reducing the performance of the rubber product. However, only a few experimental studies on the aging characteristics of NR/BR blends are available, and it is difficult to find a study that analyzes the organic relationship of the changes in the mechanical (stress–strain curves, strain-energy density, etc.) and chemical (cross-linked structure, crosslink density, etc.) properties. In this study, a swelling test was performed on an aged rubber compound, and the result was substituted into the Flory–Rehner equation to obtain the quantitative crosslink density. The results revealed a linear relationship between the strain-energy density (SED) and the crosslink density (CLD) when the cross-linked structure increase was represented by a parallel spring model. Finally, the relationship between the strain-energy density and the crosslink density was summarized as a formula, and a method for predicting the aging behavior of NR/BR blends using the crosslink density was proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer-Based Materials)
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