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Keywords = comet-tail artifacts

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15 pages, 10824 KB  
Review
Lung Ultrasound and Pleural Artifacts: A Pictorial Review
by Ehsan Safai Zadeh, Christian Görg, Helmut Prosch, Daria Kifjak, Christoph Frank Dietrich, Christian B. Laursen and Hajo Findeisen
Diagnostics 2024, 14(2), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14020179 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 9207
Abstract
Lung ultrasound is a well-established diagnostic approach used in detecting pathological changes near the pleura of the lung. At the acoustic boundary of the lung surface, it is necessary to differentiate between the primary visualization of pleural parenchymal pathologies and the appearance of [...] Read more.
Lung ultrasound is a well-established diagnostic approach used in detecting pathological changes near the pleura of the lung. At the acoustic boundary of the lung surface, it is necessary to differentiate between the primary visualization of pleural parenchymal pathologies and the appearance of secondary artifacts when sound waves enter the lung or are reflected at the visceral pleura. The aims of this pictorial essay are to demonstrate the sonographic patterns of various pleural interface artifacts and to illustrate the limitations and pitfalls of the use of ultrasound findings in diagnosing any underlying pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
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14 pages, 1100 KB  
Systematic Review
Echogenic Content in the Fetal Gallbladder: Systematic Review of Ultrasound Features and Clinical Outcome
by Dan Boitor-Borza, Ioana Cristina Rotar, Adelina Staicu, Roxana Constantin and Daniel Muresan
Diagnostics 2023, 13(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020230 - 8 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6778
Abstract
It is rare to detect echogenic content in the fetal gallbladder. The etiology, natural course, and prognosis of this condition remain unclear. In addition to providing a systematic review of this topic, we suggest a plan for patient follow-up. From a total of [...] Read more.
It is rare to detect echogenic content in the fetal gallbladder. The etiology, natural course, and prognosis of this condition remain unclear. In addition to providing a systematic review of this topic, we suggest a plan for patient follow-up. From a total of 100 database entries identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and ICTRP reviews, we selected 34 studies in which we investigated the ultrasound features and outcome of this condition. There were 226 fetuses with gallbladder echogenic content identified. Seventy-two fetuses were found to have biliary sludge; thirty cases had a single hyperechogenic focus, and one hundred fetuses had multiple foci in the gallbladder. There were 16 cases of distal shadowing, 37 fetuses with comet tail and twinkling, and 26 cases with no acoustic artifacts. Nine cases of spontaneous resolution before birth have been documented; nine fetuses exhibited no echogenic content at birth, and 138 cases of resolution of echogenic content within the first year of life have been described. Typically, the condition resolves spontaneously during the postnatal period. After adequately reassuring the parents, the patients should be monitored for spontaneous resolution; medical or surgical intervention is not indicated. Asymptomatic patients can be managed with a wait-and-see strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prenatal Diagnosis: Current Trends and Future Directions)
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12 pages, 1903 KB  
Article
One-Year Follow-Up Lung Ultrasound of Post-COVID Syndrome—A Pilot Study
by Martin Altersberger, Anna Grafeneder, Yerin Cho, Roland Winkler, Ralf Harun Zwick, Gebhard Mathis and Martin Genger
Diagnostics 2023, 13(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010070 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
(1) Background: Millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19. After the acute phase of the disease, many suffer from prolonged symptoms, the post-COVID syndrome, especially the phenotype with lung residuals. Many open questions regarding lung ultrasound (LUS) have to be answered. One [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Millions of people worldwide were infected with COVID-19. After the acute phase of the disease, many suffer from prolonged symptoms, the post-COVID syndrome, especially the phenotype with lung residuals. Many open questions regarding lung ultrasound (LUS) have to be answered. One essential question is the means for optimal following-up of patients with post-COVID-19 residuals with LUS; (2) Methods: A retrospective data analysis of patients after acute COVID-19 infection diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome in the state hospital of Steyr and the rehabilitation center of Hochegg was performed. LUS examinations following a 12-zone scanning protocol were performed, and the LUS score quantified comet tail artifacts. A total of 16 patients were evaluated twice with LUS from May 2020 until June 2021. (3) Results: All patients’ reverberation artifacts were reduced over time. The initial LUS score of 17.75 (SD 4.84) points was decreased over the duration of the second rehabilitation to 8,2 (SD 5.94). The difference in the Wilcoxon test was significant (p < 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Lung ultrasound was a valuable tool in the follow-up of post-COVID-syndrome with lung residuals in the first wave of COVID-19. A reduction in reverberation artifacts was demonstrated. Further studies about the clinical significance have to follow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Ultrasound: A Leading Diagnostic Tool)
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