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Keywords = auto-refresh

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24 pages, 4912 KB  
Article
Integrated Fleet Management of Mobile Robots for Enhancing Industrial Efficiency: A Case Study on Interoperability in Multi-Brand Environments Within the Automotive Sector
by David Lopes, Tiago Pereira, André Gonçalves, Francisco Cunha, Fernando Lopes, João Antunes, Victor Santos, Fernanda Coutinho, Jorge Barreiros, João Durães, Patrícia Santos, Fernando Simões, Pedro Ferreira, Elisabete Dinora Caldas de Freitas, João Pedro F. Trovão, João P. Ferreira and Nuno Miguel Fonseca Ferreira
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 7235; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137235 - 27 Jun 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3918
Abstract
This paper presents the development of fleet management software for mobile robots, including AGV and AMR technologies, within the scope of a case study from the GreenAuto project. The system was designed to integrate position and status data from different robots, unifying this [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development of fleet management software for mobile robots, including AGV and AMR technologies, within the scope of a case study from the GreenAuto project. The system was designed to integrate position and status data from different robots, unifying this information into a single map. To achieve this, a web-based platform was developed to allow the simultaneous, real-time visualization of all robots in operation. However, the main challenge of this research lies in the heterogeneity of the fleet, which comprises robots of different makes and models from various manufacturers, each using distinct data formats. The proposed approach addresses this by facilitating fleet monitoring and management, ensuring a greater efficiency and coordination in the robot movement. The results demonstrate that the platform improves the traceability and operational supervision, promoting the optimized management of mobile robots. It is concluded that the proposed solution contributes to industrial automation by providing an intuitive and centralized interface, enabling future expansions for new functionalities and the integration with other emerging technologies. The proposed system demonstrated efficiency in updating and supervising operations, with an average latency of 120 ms for task status updates and an interface refresh rate of less than 1 s, enabling near real-time supervision and facilitating operational decision-making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Robotics and Automation)
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19 pages, 5186 KB  
Article
Retention-Aware DRAM Auto-Refresh Scheme for Energy and Performance Efficiency
by Wei-Kai Cheng, Po-Yuan Shen and Xin-Lun Li
Micromachines 2019, 10(9), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10090590 - 8 Sep 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 18923
Abstract
Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuits require periodic refresh operations to prevent data loss. As DRAM density increases, DRAM refresh overhead is even worse due to the increase of the refresh cycle time. However, because of few the cells in memory that have [...] Read more.
Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuits require periodic refresh operations to prevent data loss. As DRAM density increases, DRAM refresh overhead is even worse due to the increase of the refresh cycle time. However, because of few the cells in memory that have lower retention time, DRAM has to raise the refresh frequency to keep the data integrity, and hence produce unnecessary refreshes for the other normal cells, which results in a large refresh energy and performance delay of memory access. In this paper, we propose an integration scheme for DRAM refresh based on the retention-aware auto-refresh (RAAR) method and 2x granularity auto-refresh simultaneously. We also explain the corresponding modification need on memory controllers to support the proposed integration refresh scheme. With the given profile of weak cells distribution in memory banks, our integration scheme can choose the most appropriate refresh technique in each refresh time. Experimental results on different refresh cycle times show that the retention-aware refresh scheme can properly improve the system performance and have a great reduction in refresh energy. Especially when the number of weak cells increased due to the thermal effect of 3D-stacked architecture, our methodology still keeps the same performance and energy efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A：Physics)
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23 pages, 6749 KB  
Article
A Photogrammetric Workflow for the Creation of a Forest Canopy Height Model from Small Unmanned Aerial System Imagery
by Jonathan Lisein, Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny, Stéphanie Bonnet and Philippe Lejeune
Forests 2013, 4(4), 922-944; https://doi.org/10.3390/f4040922 - 6 Nov 2013
Cited by 360 | Viewed by 25791
Abstract
The recent development of operational small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) opens the door for their extensive use in forest mapping, as both the spatial and temporal resolution of UAS imagery better suit local-scale investigation than traditional remote sensing tools. This article focuses on [...] Read more.
The recent development of operational small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) opens the door for their extensive use in forest mapping, as both the spatial and temporal resolution of UAS imagery better suit local-scale investigation than traditional remote sensing tools. This article focuses on the use of combined photogrammetry and “Structure from Motion” approaches in order to model the forest canopy surface from low-altitude aerial images. An original workflow, using the open source and free photogrammetric toolbox, MICMAC (acronym for Multi Image Matches for Auto Correlation Methods), was set up to create a digital canopy surface model of deciduous stands. In combination with a co-registered light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital terrain model, the elevation of vegetation was determined, and the resulting hybrid photo/LiDAR canopy height model was compared to data from a LiDAR canopy height model and from forest inventory data. Linear regressions predicting dominant height and individual height from plot metrics and crown metrics showed that the photogrammetric canopy height model was of good quality for deciduous stands. Although photogrammetric reconstruction significantly smooths the canopy surface, the use of this workflow has the potential to take full advantage of the flexible revisit period of drones in order to refresh the LiDAR canopy height model and to collect dense multitemporal canopy height series. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue LiDAR and Other Remote Sensing Applications in Mapping and Monitoring of Forests Structure and Biomass)
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