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14 pages, 1664 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Vasily Burmistrov, Alexander Burmistrov, Galina Odegova, Alexey Pestryakov, Roberto Luna-Vázquez-Gómez and Nina Bogdanchikova

Coatings 2022, 12(4), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040532 - 15 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8104

Abstract

Introduction. Argyria is an acquired skin condition that appears after the exposure or consumption of silver, leading to blue or grey coloration of the skin and mucosa. The aim of the present work was to draw researchers’ attention to two aspects of the argyria that until now have not received enough consideration. They are: (1) the process of delivering silver compound from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin and (2) the possibility for silver chloride to participate in this process along with the silver proteinates. Methodology. Illustrative experiments included the observation of color change (visual and using UV-Vis spectrometry) under different light exposure conditions of silver chloride sol in a sweat-simulating solution, in vials and under pig skin (in direct contact). Results and Discussion. A hypothetical mechanism based on a perspiration system for delivering the silver compounds from the gastrointestinal tract to the skin for argyria was proposed. It was also proposed not to completely exclude the partial participation of silver chloride along with the silver proteinates in this process. Full article

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24 pages, 3011 KiB

Open AccessReview

Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria

by Luís Mota and Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(10), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102086 - 13 May 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 33070

Abstract

Argyria encompasses the different cosmetic alterations that can develop if enough silver particles deposit in a specific tissue, typically in the skin, ranging from localized dark-blue macules to a generalized slate-gray/bluish tinge following systemic absorption. This work aims to fully review the state of the art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and relevant clinical and forensic features of argyria. Argyria has been diagnosed in a wide range of ages, both sexes and varied ethnicities, with no known individual predisposing factors. Ultraviolet radiation with subsequence increases of melanin production aggravates the discoloration due to a reduction in the silver deposits. Physical examination and silver exposure in the anamnesis can be highly suggestive of the diagnosis, but a histopathological analysis with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy is required to unequivocally determine the discoloration etiology. Safe and effective treatment has only been accomplished with laser techniques, though only a few cases have been reported and with limited follow-up time. In conclusion, argyria typically has an occupational or iatrogenic etiology. It should be suspected when a patient presents with typical skin or eye lesions. A seemingly viable treatment modality, with laser technology, is finally within the horizon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)

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2 pages, 55 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Silver Nitrate Ingestion: Report of a Case with an Uneventful Course and Review of the Literature

by Carlos G. Teran, Sunitha Sura, Peminda Cabandugama and Casey Berson

Clin. Pract. 2011, 1(3), e43; https://doi.org/10.4081/cp.2011.e43 - 10 Jun 2011

Cited by 9

Abstract

Silver nitrate is commonly recognized for the toxic effects followed by the direct contact with the skin and mucosa known as argyria, but there is surprisingly little information about the adverse effects of silver nitrate after ingestion. Since only a few cases were reported in the literature, the aim of this case is to enrich the little experience existent about the possible effects of silver nitrate ingestion. We describe the case of a 15-year-old female who intentionally ingested 15cc of silver nitrate solution in a suicidal attempt. The clinical picture included an excruciating burning sensation in her throat and nostrils followed by vomiting and poor oral intake. The presence of a whitish membrane on the oral and buccal mucosa without bleeding or erosions was the only remarkable finding at physical examination. Unlike the rest of the cases described in the literature the clinical and endoscopic follow up of the patient was benign and without sequela or signs of oesophageal damage. Even though very uncommon, it is very important for physicians to keep in mind the possible toxic effects and appropriate management of silver nitrate ingestion. The outcome is not always devastating as reported, and a good early approach and follow up is important in the anticipation of sequela. Full article

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