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14 pages, 13765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Filter Feeding and Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation of a Freshwater Bivalve (Unio douglasiae) on a Toxic Cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa)

by Soon-Jin Hwang, Yun-Ju Lee, Min-Seob Kim and Baik-Ho Kim

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9294; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199294 - 6 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2862

Abstract

We investigated the possible intake of toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) as a nutrient resource for a filter-feeder bivalve (Unio douglasiae) based on the measurement of feeding and assimilation rates of carbon and nitrogen in a limited space with no current for 72 h using ¹³C and ¹⁵N dual isotope tracers. With high clearance rates, the unionid rapidly removed Microcystis cells within 24 h, but only a small amount of carbon and nitrogen were incorporated into the tissues. Even with the low assimilation rates, the mussels showed more favorable uptake of carbon than of nitrogen from toxic Microcystis water, and of tissues, the gills and gut accumulated more carbon and nitrogen than the muscle and mantle. Collectively, our findings indicate that although Unio douglasiae effectively uptake toxic Microcystis cells, they can assimilate only low amounts of nutrients into tissues within three days, despite a non-flowing system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Harmful Algal Bloom Control and Sustainable Water Supply)

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10 pages, 579 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Carbon Transfer from Cyanobacteria to Pelagic and Benthic Consumers in a Subtropical Lake: Evidence from a ¹³C Labelling Experiment

by Jinlei Yu, Hu He, Zhengwen Liu, Erik Jeppesen, Feizhou Chen and Yongdong Zhang

Water 2019, 11(8), 1536; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081536 - 25 Jul 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3301

Abstract

Eutrophication of lakes often results in dominance of cyanobacteria, which may potentially lead to serious blooms and toxic water. However, cyanobacterial detritus may act as an important carbon source for aquatic organisms. Using stable isotope carbon (¹³C) as a tracer, we assessed the carbon transfer from cyanobacteria to pelagic and benthic consumers in a 28-day outdoor mesocosm (~130 L) labelling experiment established in Lake Taihu, China, during a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. The different organisms were labelled differently after addition of the labelled Microcystis detritus to the water. δ¹³C of particulate organic matter and of cladoceran zooplankton peaked earlier than for larger invertebrate consumers. Among the pelagic species, Daphnia similis had the highest Δδ¹³C, while the two snail species Radix swinhoei and Bellamya aeruginosa had lower but similar Δδ¹³C. The bivalves showed relatively modest changes in δ¹³C. The δ¹³C of Anodonta woodiana and Unio douglasiae showed a marginal though not significant increase, while a marked increase occurred for Arconaia lanceolate peaking on day 20, and Corbicula fluminea a slight increase peaking on day 9. Our results suggest that carbon from cyanobacteria can be incorporated by pelagic and some benthic consumers and eventually be transferred to higher trophic levels. Cyanobacterial carbon may, therefore, be considered an important carbon source supporting the entire food web during blooms, even if the cyanobacteria are not consumed directly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trophic Interactions in Warm Freshwater Ecosystems)

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15 pages, 3258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accumulation of Microcystin (LR, RR and YR) in Three Freshwater Bivalves in Microcystis aeruginosa Bloom Using Dual Isotope Tracer

by Min-Seob Kim, Yeon-Jung Lee, Sun-Yong Ha, Baik-Ho Kim, Soon-Jin Hwang, Jung-Taek Kwon, Jong-Woo Choi and Kyung-Hoon Shin

Mar. Drugs 2017, 15(7), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/md15070226 - 17 Jul 2017

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5200

Abstract

Abstract: Stable isotope tracers were first applied to evaluate the Microcystis cell assimilation efficiency of Sinanodonta bivalves, since the past identification method has been limited to tracking the changes of each chl-a, clearity, and nutrient. The toxicity profile and accumulation of MC-LR, -RR and -YR in different organs (foot and digestive organs) from the three filter-feeders (Sinanodonta woodina, Sinanodonta arcaeformis, and Unio douglasiae) were assessed under the condition of toxigenic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) blooms through an in situ pond experiment using ¹³C and ¹⁵N dual isotope tracers. Chl-a concentration in the manipulated pond was dramatically decreased after the beginning of the second day, ranging from 217.5 to 15.6 μg·L⁻¹. The highest amount of MCs was incorporated into muscle and gland tissues in U. douglasiae during the study period, at nearly 2 or 3 times higher than in S.woodiana and S. arcaeformis. In addition, the incorporated ¹³C and ¹⁵N atom % in the U. douglasiae bivalve showed lower values than in other bivalves. The results demonstrate that U. douglasiae has less capacity to assimilate toxic cyanobacteria derived from diet. However, the incorporated ¹³C and ¹⁵N atom % of S. arcaeformis showed a larger feeding capacity than U. douglasiae and S. wodiana. Our results therefore also indicate that S. arcaeformis can eliminate the toxin more rapidly than U. douglasiae, having a larger detoxification capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algal Toxins II, 2017)

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