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21 pages, 3121 KiB  
Review
Retinal Ischaemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Understanding and Overcoming a Therapeutic Challenge
by Ajay A. Mohite, Jennifer A. Perais, Philip McCullough and Noemi Lois
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2406; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062406 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3898
Abstract
Background: Retinal ischaemia is present to a greater or lesser extent in all eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nonetheless, our understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, as well as other characteristics of retinal ischaemia in DR is very limited. To date, there [...] Read more.
Background: Retinal ischaemia is present to a greater or lesser extent in all eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nonetheless, our understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, as well as other characteristics of retinal ischaemia in DR is very limited. To date, there is no treatment to revascularise ischaemic retina. Methods: Review of the literature highlighting the current knowledge on the topic of retinal ischaemia in DR, important observations made, and underlying gaps for which research is needed. Results: A very scarce number of clinical studies, mostly cross-sectional, have evaluated specifically retinal ischaemia in DR. Interindividual variability on its natural course and consequences, including the development of its major complications, namely diabetic macular ischaemia and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, have not been investigated. The in situ, surrounding, and distance effect of retinal ischaemia on retinal function and structure and its change over time remains also to be elucidated. Treatments to prevent the development of retinal ischaemia and, importantly, to achieve retinal reperfusion once capillary drop out has ensued, are very much needed and remain to be developed. Conclusion: Research into retinal ischaemia in diabetes should be a priority to save sight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Challenges in Diabetic Retinopathy)
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