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Keywords = Single Hot Thermocouple Technique

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24 pages, 4459 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Thermophysical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Industrial Mold Fluxes
by Matheus Roberto Bellé, Anton Yehorov, Dmitry Chebykin, Dmytro Zotov and Olena Volkova
Metals 2025, 15(7), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15070715 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 419
Abstract
This study explores the thermophysical properties and crystallization behavior of two industrial Mold Fluxes (MF1 and MF2) used in continuous steel casting. Viscosity, density, and surface tension were measured using the Rotating Bob Viscometry (RBV) and the Maximum Bubble Pressure (MBP) method, while [...] Read more.
This study explores the thermophysical properties and crystallization behavior of two industrial Mold Fluxes (MF1 and MF2) used in continuous steel casting. Viscosity, density, and surface tension were measured using the Rotating Bob Viscometry (RBV) and the Maximum Bubble Pressure (MBP) method, while crystallization dynamics were assessed via the Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT). Both fluxes showed temperature-dependent viscosity with distinct break temperatures influenced by chemical composition. MF1 had higher viscosity and activation energy (127.72 kJ mol−1) than MF2 (112.11 kJ mol−1) due to its higher Al2O3 content. Density and surface tension decreased linearly from 1523 to 1623 K, with values of 2642–2618 kg m−3 and 299–291 mN m−1 for MF1, and 2708–2656 kg m−3 and 348–305 mN m−1 for MF2. Crystallization analysis showed that MF1 required higher cooling rates (critical cooling rates: 21 K s−1 vs. 18 K s−1 for MF2) for glass formation, highlighting its greater glass-former content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Secondary Refining)
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14 pages, 9699 KiB  
Article
Two Potential Ways of Vanadium Extraction from Thin Film Steelmaking Slags
by Tetiana Shyrokykh, Lukas Neubert, Olena Volkova and Seetharaman Sridhar
Processes 2023, 11(6), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061646 - 28 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
During the steelmaking process, a great amount of slag is generated as a by-product. Vanadium-bearing steelmaking slags are classified as hazardous and require special handling and storage due to the toxicity of vanadium pentoxides. At the same time, such slags are valuable sources [...] Read more.
During the steelmaking process, a great amount of slag is generated as a by-product. Vanadium-bearing steelmaking slags are classified as hazardous and require special handling and storage due to the toxicity of vanadium pentoxides. At the same time, such slags are valuable sources for the recovery of vanadium. The present work reviews the investigations on vanadium recovery from CaO-SiO2-FeO-V2O5 thin film slags under the neutral and oxidizing conditions in the temperature range 1653 K to 1693 K (1380 °C to 1420 °C) using Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT). The slag samples were analyzed by SEM/EDX. The results indicated that vanadium pentoxide evaporation can be up to 17.73% under an oxidizing atmosphere, while spinel formation under an argon atmosphere was detected in the conditions of thin film slags. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Critical Metals for Sustainable Development)
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12 pages, 980 KiB  
Article
Multi-Stage Control of Waste Heat Recovery from High Temperature Slags Based on Time Temperature Transformation Curves
by Yongqi Sun, Zuotai Zhang, Lili Liu and Xidong Wang
Energies 2014, 7(3), 1673-1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/en7031673 - 20 Mar 2014
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 8081
Abstract
This paper presents a significant method and a basic idea of waste heat recovery from high temperature slags based on Time Temperature Transformation (TTT) curves. Three samples with a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.05 and different levels of Al2O3 [...] Read more.
This paper presents a significant method and a basic idea of waste heat recovery from high temperature slags based on Time Temperature Transformation (TTT) curves. Three samples with a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.05 and different levels of Al2O3 were designed and isothermal experiments were performed using a Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT). The TTT curves established through SHTT experiments described well the variation of slag properties during isothermal processes. In this study, we propose a multi-stage control method for waste heat recovery from high temperature slags, in which the whole temperature range from 1500 °C to 25 °C was divided into three regions, i.e., Liquid region, Crystallization region and Solid region, based on the TTT curves. Accordingly, we put forward an industrial prototype plant for the purpose of waste heat recovery and the potential of waste heat recovery was then calculated. The multi-stage control method provided not only a significant prototype, but also a basic idea to simultaneously extract high quality waste heat and obtain glassy phases on high temperature slags, which may fill the gap between slag properties and practical waste heat recovery processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Heat Recovery—Strategy and Practice)
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