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This paper describes the matching of various loads to sources (including nonlinear ones). The purpose of matching is to extract the maximum available power from the source. This has particular importance for renewable sources and energy-harvesting devices, in which unused energy is just wasted. The main innovations in this paper include (and followed by examples) simplified calculation of the matching parameter for a controllable load and matching by means of a family of power-conservative two-port networks, denoted POPI (Pin = Pout), such as transformers, gyrators, loss-free resistors (LFRs) and series LFRs (SLFRs). An additional innovation described in this paper is a new, simplified model of an HF power amplifier based on the series LFR concept. This model predicts that the efficiency of the HF power amplifier operated under the matched-mode condition can significantly exceed the 50% efficiency limit that is predicted by the conventional model. As HF power amplifiers drive antennas in transmission and some wireless power transfer (which uses radiative techniques) systems, it is clear that the operation of such systems in the matched-mode condition is not restricted to a 50% efficiency limit. Full article

Rational prescribing tools can be used by individual prescribers, organisations, and researchers to evaluate the quality of prescribing for research and quality improvement purposes. A literature search showed that there is only one tool for evaluating rational prescribing for paediatric patients in hospital and outpatient settings. The Pediatrics: Omission of Prescriptions and Inappropriate Prescriptions (POPI) tool was developed in France and comprises 105 criteria. The aim of this study was to modify this tool to facilitate its use in paediatric practice in the United Kingdom (UK). POPI criteria were compared to relevant UK clinical guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the British National Formulary for Children. Where guidelines differed, criteria were modified to reflect UK guidance. If there were no relevant guidelines or directly contradictory guidelines, criteria were removed. Overall, no change was made to 49 criteria. There were 29 modified to concord with UK guidelines. Four criteria were reduced to two criteria due to being linked in single guidelines. Twenty-three criteria were omitted, due to the absence of relevant UK guidance or directly conflicting UK practice, including one entire clinical category (mosquitos). One category title was amended to parallel UK terminology. The modified POPI (UK) tool comprises of eighty criteria and is the first rational prescribing tool for the evaluation of prescribing for children in hospital and outpatient settings in the UK. Full article