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Keywords = Oita virus

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12 pages, 1061 KiB  
Communication
Recent Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Wild Boars and Other Ungulates in Japan
by Milagros Virhuez-Mendoza, Keita Ishijima, Kango Tatemoto, Yudai Kuroda, Yusuke Inoue, Ayano Nishino, Tsukasa Yamamoto, Akihiko Uda, Akitoyo Hotta, Hidenori Kabeya, Hiroshi Shimoda, Kazuo Suzuki, Tomoyoshi Komiya, Junji Seto, Yuki Iwashina, Daisuke Hirano, Mikio Sawada, Sayuri Yamaguchi, Fusayo Hosaka and Ken Maeda
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040524 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 873
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows [...] Read more.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple hosts, posing significant public health risks, especially in regions like Japan where game meat consumption is prevalent. This study investigated HEV infection and viral shedding in wild boars, sika deer, and Japanese serows across Japan. A total of 1896 serum samples were tested for anti-HEV antibodies, 1034 for HEV RNA, and 473 fecal samples for viral shedding. Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in wild boars from all seven prefectures studied, while HEV RNA was detected in wild boars from Fukuoka, Oita, and Miyazaki in southern Japan, as well as Yamaguchi prefecture. Genetic analysis revealed subtypes 3b, 4a, and 4g, with 3b being the most prevalent. Subtype 3b exhibited distinct geographical clustering, whereas 4g persisted exclusively in Yamaguchi for over 12 years. Infectious HEV particles were confirmed in wild boar feces, highlighting the risk of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission. Sika deer showed no evidence of HEV infection, and only one Japanese serow tested positive for antibodies without detectable RNA. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance to assess the zoonotic risks from game meat consumption and prevention of HEV transmission to humans. Full article
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16 pages, 2620 KiB  
Article
Genetic Characterization of Human Rabies Vaccine Strain in Japan and Rabies Viruses Related to Vaccine Development from 1940s to 1980s
by Madoka Horiya, Guillermo Posadas-Herrera, Mutsuyo Takayama-Ito, Yukie Yamaguchi, Itoe Iizuka-Shiota, Hirofumi Kato, Aikou Okamoto, Masayuki Saijo and Chang-Kweng Lim
Viruses 2022, 14(10), 2152; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102152 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3529
Abstract
The rabies virus is widely distributed and vaccines are an important strategy to prevent its spread. The whole-genome sequences of rabies strains in relation to vaccine development provide essential information to maintain vaccine quality and develop new vaccines. However, the genetic characteristics of [...] Read more.
The rabies virus is widely distributed and vaccines are an important strategy to prevent its spread. The whole-genome sequences of rabies strains in relation to vaccine development provide essential information to maintain vaccine quality and develop new vaccines. However, the genetic characteristics of the purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine, KM Biologics (PCECV-KMB), developed in Japan in the 1970s, have not been explored. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the open reading frame regions of rabies strains discovered from the 1940s–1980s and used to develop chick embryo cell-adapted HEP-Flury small plaque-forming (CEF-S) strain, which is a vaccine strain of PCECV-KMB. The genetic characteristic of CEF-S, developed by acclimation of the HEP-Flury-NIID strain to one-day eggs and subsequently to chick embryo cells, were confirmed by comparing the genome identity and revealing the nine amino acid mutations between CEF-S and HEP-Flury-NIID. The efficacy of PCECV-KMB was evaluated using attack strains isolated in Thailand in the 1960s–1970s during vaccine development. Phylogenetic analyses of the attack strains classified them in the same Asian clade as the 2000s imported cases from the Philippines to Japan, suggesting that PCECV-KMB is adequate for preventing the spread of the current rabies virus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rabies Research)
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