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Keywords = Mangalarga Marchador

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14 pages, 2533 KiB  
Article
Head and Neck Positions Affect Equine Kinematic Variables in Marcha Batida Gait—A Pilot Study
by Natália Almeida Martins, Brunna Patrícia Almeida Fonseca, Amanda Piaia Silvatti, Fabrício Luciani Valente, Nara Luisa Soares, Samuel Pereira Simonato, Laura Patterson Rosa, Millena Oliveira Andrade and Kate Moura da Costa Barcelos
Animals 2025, 15(8), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15081090 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 943
Abstract
The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed naturally performs four-beat gaits known as “Marcha”. Kinematic analysis can provide insights for optimizing training and competition performance in this breed while potentially mitigating welfare concerns associated with extreme head and neck positions (HNPs) applied without an adequate [...] Read more.
The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed naturally performs four-beat gaits known as “Marcha”. Kinematic analysis can provide insights for optimizing training and competition performance in this breed while potentially mitigating welfare concerns associated with extreme head and neck positions (HNPs) applied without an adequate understanding of their impacts. We examined how different HNPs affect the MM horse’s Marcha Batida gait. Four HNPs were evaluated: HPN1—loose reins, HPN2—the competition standard for MM, HPN3—an extremely elevated head and neck, and HPN4—a slightly behind-the-vertical position. Kinematic data were collected using an optoelectronic system, and diagonal dissociation, stride length, and step height were analyzed. HNP3 had the highest dissociation, shortest stride length, and higher step height compared to the other HNPs. HNP1 resulted in the longest stride length. HNP2 and HNP4 differed in diagonal dissociation. HNPs significantly impact the kinematics of the Marcha Batida gait in this cohort of Mangalarga Marchador horses. Our results confirm the benefits of HNP2, the recommended position for shows and competitions. Additionally, it discourages the use of HNP3 and reiterates the need for further research into HNPs in four-beat gaits, highlighting the importance of rider training and the careful selection of HNPs to optimize Marcha Batida performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equine Exercise Physiology and Feeding Management: How to Keep Energy Balance)
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10 pages, 1071 KiB  
Article
DMRT3 Allele Frequencies in Batida- and Picada-Gaited Donkeys and Mules in Brazil
by Mariana Herman, Amanda Manara Caceres, Ana Luísa H. Albuquerque, Raíssa O. Leite, César Erineudo T. Araújo, Diego José Z. Delfiol, Rogério A. Curi, Alexandre S. Borges and José P. Oliveira-Filho
Animals 2023, 13(24), 3829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243829 - 12 Dec 2023
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Abstract
In Brazil, the production of mules with a comfortable gait primarily involves the breeding of marching saddle mules. This is achieved by crossing gaited Pêga donkeys with horses from the Mangalarga Marchador and Campolina breeds. The DMRT3:g.22999655C>A SNP is implicated in regulating [...] Read more.
In Brazil, the production of mules with a comfortable gait primarily involves the breeding of marching saddle mules. This is achieved by crossing gaited Pêga donkeys with horses from the Mangalarga Marchador and Campolina breeds. The DMRT3:g.22999655C>A SNP is implicated in regulating gait phenotypes observed in various horse breeds, including the batida (CC) and picada (CA) gaits found in these horse breeds. We aimed to determine if genotypes influenced gait type in 159 mules and 203 donkeys genotyped for the DMRT3 SNP by PCR-RFLP analysis. About 47% of mules had the CC-genotype, while 53% had the CA-genotype. Donkeys predominantly had the CC-genotype (97%), and none had AA. Both CC- and CA-genotypes were evenly distributed among mules with the batida or picada gaits. In donkeys, the CC-genotype frequencies were consistent regardless of gait type. However, the CA-genotype was more common in picada-gaited donkeys than in batida-gaited donkeys. The prevalence of CA mules and the rare presence of the non-reference allele in donkeys align with previous findings in Mangalarga Marchador and Campolina horses. This suggests that the non-reference allele likely originated from the mares involved in donkey crosses. Our results also imply that factors beyond this variant, such as other genes and polymorphisms, influence gait traits in equids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Equids)
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24 pages, 2399 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound Morphometry and Mean Echogenicity of Digital Flexor Tendons, Suspensory Ligament, and Accessory Ligament of Digital Deep Flexor Tendon in Gaited Horses
by Jackson Schade, Anderson Fernando de Souza, Lorenzo Costa Vincensi, Thiago Rinaldi Müller and Joandes Henrique Fonteque
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1411; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081411 - 20 Apr 2023
Viewed by 4675
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sonographic characteristics of the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar/plantar of the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in gaited horses, as well as to establish normal reference ultrasound values for Mangalarga [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sonographic characteristics of the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the palmar/plantar of the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in gaited horses, as well as to establish normal reference ultrasound values for Mangalarga Marchador (MM) and Campeiro breeds. Transverse sonographic images were obtained of 50 adult and healthy horses from the MM (n = 25) and Campeiro (n = 25) breeds. The images were taken in six metacarpal/metatarsal zones, and the following measurements were taken: transverse area, circumference, dorsopalmar/plantar length, lateromedial length, and mean echogenicity. Differences were observed between breeds in the fore- and hindlimbs, and, even when not significant, the Campeiro breed tended to have higher values for most variables and structures. Variations between zones and between structures in the same zone followed a similar trend in both breeds for all variables. In addition, the dimensions and variations between zones and structures were different between the fore- and hindlimbs, highlighting the need for specific values for the digital flexor tendons and ligaments of the metatarsal plantar region. In conclusion, the digital flexor tendons, suspensory ligaments, and accessory ligaments of the digital deep flexor tendon are influenced by the breed factor in gaited horses, and they are different between the fore- and hindlimbs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonography in Equine Medicine)
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