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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = Khalkha

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13 pages, 542 KiB  
Article
Transliteration-Aided Transfer Learning for Low-Resource ASR: A Case Study on Khalkha Mongolian
by Dalai Mengke, Yan Meng and Péter Mihajlik
Electronics 2025, 14(6), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061137 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have made consistent advancements, achieving notable improvements in state-of-the-art performance across various languages. However, their effectiveness often declines significantly in low-resource settings, where data and linguistic resources are limited. This paper addresses the challenges of ASR for a [...] Read more.
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have made consistent advancements, achieving notable improvements in state-of-the-art performance across various languages. However, their effectiveness often declines significantly in low-resource settings, where data and linguistic resources are limited. This paper addresses the challenges of ASR for a low-resource language, Khalkha Mongolian, by leveraging a transliteration-aided transfer learning approach. Specifically, it improves the ASR system for Khalkha Mongolian by transliterating text from a well-resourced Chakhar Mongolian (Uighur script) dataset to the Cyrillic script and then fine-tuning it with Khalkha Mongolian data. The method effectively enhances the ASR performance of Khalkha Mongolian. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated on three popular ASR models, Wav2Vec2-BERT, Conformer-Large, and Whisper-large-v3. Among these models, the best relative improvement in word error rate (WER) reaches 32.50%, while the absolute improvement reaches 19.26%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Natural Language Processing Technology and Applications)
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18 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
Medical Aesthetics in the Twilight of Empire: Lungrik Tendar and The Stainless Vaiḍūrya Mirror
by Matthew W. King
Religions 2019, 10(6), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10060380 - 12 Jun 2019
Viewed by 3396
Abstract
This article introduces the life and medical histories of the luminary Khalkha Mongolian monk, Lungrik Tendar (Tib. Lung rigs bstan dar; Mon. Lungrigdandar, c. 1842–1915). Well known for his exegesis of received medical works from Central Tibet, Lungrik Tendar was also a historian [...] Read more.
This article introduces the life and medical histories of the luminary Khalkha Mongolian monk, Lungrik Tendar (Tib. Lung rigs bstan dar; Mon. Lungrigdandar, c. 1842–1915). Well known for his exegesis of received medical works from Central Tibet, Lungrik Tendar was also a historian of the Four Tantras (Tib. Rgyud bzhi; Mon. Dörben ündüsü). In 1911, just as Khalkha Mongolia began separating from a flailing Qing Empire, Lungrik Tendar set out to append the story of Mongolia and of Mongolian medicine, political formation, and religious life to the Four Tantra’s well-known global histories. In addition, he provided an illuminating summary of how to present the Four Tantras to a popular audience in the twilight of the imperial period. This article introduces the life of Lungrik Tendar and analyzes his previously unstudied medical history from 1911, The Stainless Vaiḍūrya Mirror. On the basis of this understudied text, this article explores ways that monastic medicine in the frontier scholastic worlds of the late-Qing Empire were dependent upon aesthetic representations of space and time and of knowledge acquisition and practice, and how such medical aesthetics helped connect the religious, political, legal, economic, and social worlds of Asia’s heartland on the eve of nationalist and socialist revolution and state-directed erasure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buddhist Medicine in India, Tibet, and Mongolia)
10 pages, 540 KiB  
Article
Buddhism and Legislative Measures on Theft in Mongolia (The 18th Century–the Early 20th Century)
by Vesna Wallace
Religions 2017, 8(11), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8110240 - 1 Nov 2017
Viewed by 4990
Abstract
This article examines the issue of theft as addressed in two legal texts—the Khalkha Regulations and the Laws and Regulations to Actually Follow—which functioned as the customary and statutory laws for Khalkha Mongolia at different periods, and which governed the life of lay [...] Read more.
This article examines the issue of theft as addressed in two legal texts—the Khalkha Regulations and the Laws and Regulations to Actually Follow—which functioned as the customary and statutory laws for Khalkha Mongolia at different periods, and which governed the life of lay and monastic Buddhists. The article approaches the concept of theft as a broader category that encompasses both the direct and indirect modes of theft that involve various types of deception and fraud, whereby a person can defraud the another of his rightful belongings. The analysis of the given topic in this paper is based on the two texts from that administered the conduct of monks and laity who belonged to the personal estate, or Great Shavi, to Jebtsundamba Khutukhtus of Mongolia, the record of actual course cases dealt by the Ministry of Great Shavi, and the Mongol Code of Law instituted by the Qing administration for its Mongolian colony. Although a comparative analysis of these laws with the minor banner laws or those instituted among Oirats may reveal some important differences, it is beyond the scope of the article and deserves a through study. Full article
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