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Keywords = K-IMEA

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14 pages, 1813 KiB  
Article
Development of Biological Risk Assessment Protocols for Evaluating the Risks of In-Water Cleaning of Hull-Fouling Organisms
by Bonggil Hyun, Pung-Guk Jang, Min-Chul Jang, Jung-Hoon Kang, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Jang-Seu Ki, Dong Han Choi, Ok Hwan Yu, Jin-Young Seo, Woo-Jin Lee and Kyoungsoon Shin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020234 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
Herein, we evaluate the scientific basis for managing hull fouling of ships entering Korean ports, diagnose biological risks that may occur when in-water cleaning (IWC) systems remove hull fouling, and present a protocol for evaluating these risks (the Korean Infection Modes and Effects [...] Read more.
Herein, we evaluate the scientific basis for managing hull fouling of ships entering Korean ports, diagnose biological risks that may occur when in-water cleaning (IWC) systems remove hull fouling, and present a protocol for evaluating these risks (the Korean Infection Modes and Effects Analysis; K-IMEA). Protocol development included the selection of core elements and scenario design for IWC and the evaluation of regrowth experiments. The K-IMEA index was designed by considering the inoculation pathway of attaching organisms in all processes to ships that enter a port for in-water cleaning. A number of risk indices were defined: R1—Introduction/Establishment of alien species before in-water cleaning; R2—Establishment of alien species escaped during in-water cleaning; R3—Introduction/Establishment of alien species after in-water cleaning; and R4—Establishment of alien species in effluent water. K-IMEA regrowth experiments (R2 and R4) using the in-water cleaning effluent showed that the attachment and regrowth of prokaryotes, microalgae, and macroalgae were successfully detected. In particular, prokaryotes were observed in samples filtered through a 5 μm mesh of the in-water cleaning effluent, even at a low fouling rating (Levels 1–2). These experiments suggest a necessity to consider a secondary treatment method in addition to the primary filtration method for the treatment of in-water cleaning effluents. Full article
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