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Keywords = Jane Addams

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16 pages, 600 KiB  
Article
Sexual and Reproductive Health Behaviors Among Young Black Women in the U.S. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights for Addressing Future Challenges in STI and Pregnancy Prevention Within Key Female Populations
by Laurenia C. Mangum and Jaih Craddock
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(5), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22050793 - 17 May 2025
Viewed by 6385
Abstract
New STI/HIV diagnoses disproportionately impact U.S. Black cisgender women at higher rates compared to other racial/ethnic U.S. cisgender women. Biomedical HIV prevention interventions, such as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, have demonstrated lower uptake among Black women. Given the need to further develop prevention interventions [...] Read more.
New STI/HIV diagnoses disproportionately impact U.S. Black cisgender women at higher rates compared to other racial/ethnic U.S. cisgender women. Biomedical HIV prevention interventions, such as HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, have demonstrated lower uptake among Black women. Given the need to further develop prevention interventions that meet the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of U.S. Black women, this study aimed to identify and characterize condom use behaviors, sexual communication efficacy, and SRH healthcare utilization among sexually experienced young Black women (YBW) aged 18–25 (N = 206). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing sexual and conception vulnerability, sexual/reproductive healthcare utilization, and sexual communication efficacy. Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were conducted to identify correlations in sexual and reproductive behaviors. The results showed that 32% of YBW used a condom during their last sexual encounter. Five distinct trends in condom use were identified, three of which included condomless vaginal/oral sex. YBW reported high levels of sexual communication with sexual partners and consistent engagement in sexual/reproductive health care, including abortion care. Young Black women have diverse sexual/reproductive health needs and require culturally responsive patient-centered clinical practices aimed at reducing STI/HIV rates and unintended pregnancies. Future research could examine healthcare providers’ understanding of Black women’s SRH priorities and assess how this knowledge aligns with or diverges from established clinical guidelines and best practices. Such inquiries could illuminate potential gaps in provider education and clinical practice, ultimately informing the development of care models that are both evidence-based and responsive to the lived experiences of young Black women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health)
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35 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Experiences of Faith-Based Organizations as Key Stakeholders in Policy Responses to Human Trafficking
by Charles Hounmenou
Societies 2023, 13(8), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13080193 - 16 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5293
Abstract
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are substantially involved in the anti-human trafficking movement. Yet, limited research is available on their crucial roles in the field. This study explored their input in anti-trafficking policy implementation in the US by examining their motivations to engage in anti-human [...] Read more.
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) are substantially involved in the anti-human trafficking movement. Yet, limited research is available on their crucial roles in the field. This study explored their input in anti-trafficking policy implementation in the US by examining their motivations to engage in anti-human trafficking work, their distinctive competencies as stakeholders, and their experiences and challenges in providing anti-human trafficking services. A purposive sample of 16 leaders from 14 FBOs with anti-human trafficking work experience was recruited. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The findings showed that FBOs have experience in various aspects of prevention, protection, and even assistance in prosecuting human trafficking cases and at multiple levels of intervention. The distinctive capacities of FBOs for policy advocacy, training, and housing services for trafficking survivors provide a glimpse of their leading roles in human trafficking policy implementation. Operating primarily outside public funding allows FBOs to develop short-term and long-term services for trafficking survivors without time constraints. The FBOs in the study reported using a non-discriminatory, survivor-centered, and trauma-informed approach in their anti-human trafficking service delivery. All the respondents in the study concurred that efforts by any FBOs to convert trafficking survivors to a particular faith are unethical and counterproductive. The implications for practice, policy implementation, and research are discussed. Full article
16 pages, 880 KiB  
Article
Structural and Intermediary Social Determinants of Health and the Emotional and Behavioral Health of US Children
by Ngozi V. Enelamah, Margaret Lombe, Mansoo Yu, Melissa L. Villodas, Andrew Foell, Chrisann Newransky, Lisa C. Smith and Von Nebbitt
Children 2023, 10(7), 1100; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071100 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2806
Abstract
Children grow up in homes where varying environmental and socioeconomic contexts have a bearing on their emotional and behavioral health (EBH). This study used data from a representative sample of the child supplement of the US National Health Information Survey (NHIS) and applied [...] Read more.
Children grow up in homes where varying environmental and socioeconomic contexts have a bearing on their emotional and behavioral health (EBH). This study used data from a representative sample of the child supplement of the US National Health Information Survey (NHIS) and applied the social determinants of health (SDoH) framework to explore factors associated with child EBH. We conducted a path analysis of the child’s EBH measured by the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) from their macro and socioeconomic contexts, e.g., policy, household, and other health system risk factors. For children in the sample, aged 4 to 17 years old (n = 9205), most path relationships to child SDQ scores were statistically significant. The total effects from a child’s visit to a mental health specialist (0.28) and child’s age (0.22) had the highest coefficients to child SDQ scores. A modified model showed a better fit with X2 (4) = 22.124, RMSEA = 0.021, and 90% CI [0.013–0.03], CFI = 0.98. Findings indicate that child factors such as being older, the use of mental healthcare services, and family socioeconomic status were significantly associated with EBH, calling attention to the need for more responsive policy and behavioral health interventions that address household/familial and child-level factors, critical determinants of child wellbeing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Children and Adolescents)
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24 pages, 734 KiB  
Article
The Social Solidarity Economy and the Hull-House Tradition of Social Work: Keys for Unlocking the Potential of Social Work for Sustainable Social Development
by Michael Emru Tadesse and Susanne Elsen
Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12030189 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7261
Abstract
Social work (SW) is criticized for its (i) inconsistent ontology, epistemology, and methodology and (ii) co-dependency with the capitalist hegemony, which is the main cause of multiple crises that primarily affect the most vulnerable. Addressing these issues is of paramount importance if SW [...] Read more.
Social work (SW) is criticized for its (i) inconsistent ontology, epistemology, and methodology and (ii) co-dependency with the capitalist hegemony, which is the main cause of multiple crises that primarily affect the most vulnerable. Addressing these issues is of paramount importance if SW is to achieve its core mandate of promoting social change, social development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. The purpose of this paper is to assert that SW can address these issues by learning from the (i) Settlement House Movement (SHM), especially the Hull-House tradition of SW; and (ii) current endeavors of the Social Solidarity Economy (SSE). We were led to this assertion because we noticed in our research, in the area of SSE of vulnerable groups and SW, remarkable similarities and potentials of these two approaches to help transform SW. Our argument is based on data and insight gained from (i) a narrative literature review on the history of SW and the nature of SSE; and (ii) a systematic scoping review of the SSE of People of African Descent (PAD) in Europe. In this paper, we elaborate on our key arguments and provide examples and recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Policy and Welfare)
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31 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Exploring Private Investigation Agencies’ Experience of Collaboration with Law Enforcement in Investigations of Human Trafficking Cases
by Charles Hounmenou and Sachi Toepp
Societies 2023, 13(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020044 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5841
Abstract
In their forefront role to address human trafficking, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) have often faced challenges in efforts to investigate this crime. Non-traditional partnerships should be explored to improve strategies to investigate human trafficking. Could private investigation agencies (PIAs) collaborate with LEAs to [...] Read more.
In their forefront role to address human trafficking, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) have often faced challenges in efforts to investigate this crime. Non-traditional partnerships should be explored to improve strategies to investigate human trafficking. Could private investigation agencies (PIAs) collaborate with LEAs to help improve human trafficking investigations? The present study examines PIAs’ experiences of collaboration with LEAs for human trafficking investigations. A mixed research method design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 81 participants representing 81 PIAs for a survey. Follow-up semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 of the 39 survey participants who reported that their agencies had collaborated with LEAs for human trafficking investigations. The findings show varying levels of success and challenges for PIAs in interagency collaboration with LEAs. The challenges to collaboration identified could be mostly explained by LEAs’ misperceptions of private investigators, their over-reliance on a criminal approach instead of a victim-centered one in investigating trafficking cases and recovering victims, and legal or ethical limitations. Positive aspects of PIA–LEA partnerships regarding human trafficking investigations were discussed and so were strategies to address inherent challenges to interagency collaboration. Several policy implications were discussed for developing and improving partnership initiatives with law enforcement in an effort to prevent human trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute trafficking cases. Full article
14 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of Lifetime Medical Conditions and Infectious Diseases by Sexual Identity, Attraction, and Concordance among Women: Results from a National U.S. Survey
by Kelly Horn and James A. Swartz
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(8), 1399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081399 - 18 Apr 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
There have been limited studies assessing the differences in chronic health conditions between sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian or bisexual) and sexual majority (heterosexual) women. Research has primarily focused on overall physical and mental health or behavioral issues and not on [...] Read more.
There have been limited studies assessing the differences in chronic health conditions between sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian or bisexual) and sexual majority (heterosexual) women. Research has primarily focused on overall physical and mental health or behavioral issues and not on specific health conditions. The addition of sexual orientation and attraction questions to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) now allows for research regarding health conditions using a national survey that identifies participant sexual orientation and attraction. This study sought to compare the prevalence/odds of having 10 medical conditions/infectious diseases among women, assessing for differences associated with sexual identity, sexual attraction, and the degree of concordance between sexual identity and attraction. Data from 67,648 adult female participants in the 2015–2017 NSDUH survey were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to assess for differences in prevalence/odds of seven medical conditions. Multivariable models adjusted for demographics, substance abuse/dependence, and mental illness. We found significant differences by sexual identity, but not sexual attraction or concordance. Compared with heterosexually identified women, women who identified as bisexual had significantly higher odds of having three medical conditions and two infectious diseases than heterosexual or lesbian women. The findings generally support those based on studies using more limited geographical samples. There are a number of potential associated and underlying factors that contribute to bisexual women reporting overall poorer health than heterosexual or lesbian women. The factors discussed include stigma, delays in seeking care, lack of insurance and access, and sexual minority women receiving poorer health care generally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Wellbeing in Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity)
18 pages, 199 KiB  
Article
Rorty, Addams, and Social Hope
by Erik Schneiderhan
Humanities 2013, 2(3), 421-438; https://doi.org/10.3390/h2030421 - 15 Aug 2013
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5883
Abstract
This paper takes up the practice and ideas of Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, considering their work at the intersection of pragmatism and social action. It argues that both Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, each in their own way, were thinking through the [...] Read more.
This paper takes up the practice and ideas of Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, considering their work at the intersection of pragmatism and social action. It argues that both Richard Rorty and Jane Addams, each in their own way, were thinking through the significant challenges that confront individuals in their everyday lives: How do we adjudicate between the competing values of individual accountability and helping others in our community? This is our social test, and the way we each answer the question matters for the future of democracy and our degree of social hope. Rorty was a champion of engagement with the community, and believed that out of this experience comes our capacity to creatively weave the fabric of liberal democracy. The paper argues that Addams’s work at Hull-House in Chicago offers concrete examples of the potential of reciprocal social relations, providing practical substance to Rorty’s ideas and showing how we can create social hope through action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Legacy of Richard Rorty)
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