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Keywords = Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS)

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20 pages, 2729 KB  
Article
Simulation Study of Multi-GNSS Positioning Systems in Urban Canyon Environments
by Seung-Hoon Hwang and Ju-Hyun Maeng
Electronics 2025, 14(17), 3485; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14173485 - 31 Aug 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3038
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of hybrid global navigation satellite system (GNSS) configurations in urban canyon environments across South Korea, focusing on the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) with the BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo, Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and Navigation [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of hybrid global navigation satellite system (GNSS) configurations in urban canyon environments across South Korea, focusing on the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) with the BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo, Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) constellations. Simulation scenarios representing pedestrian, vehicular, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) movements are used to analyze the positioning accuracy and reliability of each hybrid system. The results indicate that GPS–BeiDou and GPS–QZSS combinations consistently provide superior accuracy and continuous satellite visibility, with GPS–BeiDou achieving centimeter-level precision in the UAV scenario. In contrast, GPS–GLONASS and GPS–NavIC systems exhibit higher error rates and less stable performance. These findings emphasize the critical role of satellite availability, receiver altitude, and signal compatibility in achieving robust positioning. Although the results are specific to South Korea, the proposed evaluation framework is broadly applicable and can help other countries assess hybrid GNSS performance to guide the design and optimization of their regional navigation satellite systems. Full article
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15 pages, 4152 KB  
Article
SNR-Based GNSS-R for Coastal Sea-Level Altimetry
by Sajad Tabibi, Renaldo Sauveur, Kelly Guerrier, Gerard Metayer and Olivier Francis
Geosciences 2021, 11(9), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11090391 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4582
Abstract
Geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) uses ground-based signals of opportunity to retrieve sea levels at an intermediate spatial scale. Geodetic GNSS-R is based on the simultaneous reception of Line-of-Sight (LoS) and its coherent GNSS sea surface reflection (non-LOS) signals. The scope [...] Read more.
Geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) uses ground-based signals of opportunity to retrieve sea levels at an intermediate spatial scale. Geodetic GNSS-R is based on the simultaneous reception of Line-of-Sight (LoS) and its coherent GNSS sea surface reflection (non-LOS) signals. The scope of this paper is to present geodetic GNSS-R applied to sea level altimetry. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) measurements from a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) geodetic-quality GNSS station at the Haiti Coast Guard Base in Port-au-Prince is used to retrieve sea levels in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014). The GNSS-R sea levels are compared with those of the OTT Radar Level Sensor (RLS) installed vertically below the GNSS antenna. The Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) between the geodetic GNSS-R sea levels and OTT RLS records is 3.43 cm, with a correlation of 0.96. In addition, the complex differences between the OTT RLS records and 15-min GNSS-R sea levels using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (or Global Navigation Satellite System; GLONASS) signals for all the eight major tidal constituents are in mm-level agreement. Therefore, geodetic GNSS-R can be used as a complementary approach to the conventional method for sea level studies in a stable terrestrial reference frame. Full article
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