Search Results (3)

Background/Objectives: Current methods for diagnosing color vision deficiency (CVD) generally fall into two categories: computer-based tests that lack full-color lighting and non-computer-based tests that provide full-color lighting. Most of these approaches face several limitations, including inaccurate illumination of test samples, inconsistent test durations, learning effects, and the need for highly skilled operators. Methods: To address these limitations, this study introduces the Computerized Full-Color Assessment (CFCA) method, which employs a full-color light generation system based on 16 color spectra selected from the classical Farnsworth D-15 (D-15) test. In the CFCA method, each pair of colors generated by the system was presented under software control, and participants indicated within three seconds whether the colors were different. The total test duration was limited to 5 min. The method was validated using 10 normal trichromats and 11 patients with CVDs. Results: Results obtained from the CFCA were compared with those from the classical D-15 test using quantitative parameters, including confusion angle (CA) and confusion index (CI). Correlations between the two methods were analyzed. The p-values for CA and CI are 0.688 and 0.587, respectively, and the correlation coefficients are 0.821 for CA and 0.884 for CI, indicating a strong and statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: The CFCA method provides an accurate, convenient, and efficient tool for diagnosing CVD, with particular advantages for use in young children. It enables an expanded range of color choices beyond the 16 discs of the D-15 test and allows for the generation of individualized visual spectra, which can be applied in the design of customized color-vision-correcting glasses. Full article

Purpose: To evaluate color discrimination in schoolchildren with low birth weight (LBW) and those born full-term and at a weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: LBW children aged 5–11 years and school-, grade-, sex-, and age-matched full-term (birth weight ≥ 2500 g) AGA controls from 14 randomly selected schools from a low-income region were tested. Examinations included visual acuity, ocular motility, and color vision testing using the Farnsworth D-15 test. Color score and interocular color score difference (ICD) were compared between the groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze associations between color vision deficit and group, adjusting for age, sex, visual acuity, strabismus, and amblyopia. Results: A total of 291 LBW children (age = 8.5 ± 1.3 yrs; 55.7% females) and 265 AGA children (age = 8.5 ± 1.4 yrs; 56.2% females) were examined. Dyschromatopsia was detected in 10.3% of LBW and 7.9% of AGA children, primarily involving tritan and non-specific defects. Color scores were comparable between the groups, and color deficit was significantly associated with younger age and worse visual acuity. The ICD was statistically larger (p = 0.004) in the LBW group, in which the frequencies of strabismus and amblyopia were also higher. Conclusions: Most LBW children demonstrated normal color discrimination, but their interocular color score difference was larger than that of AGA children. Full article

The purpose of this publication is to present an extremely rare case of Sjögren’s pigment epithelial reticular dystrophy. So far, 10 such publications have been found in world literature. A 16-year-old boy was diagnosed due to a slight loss of visual acuity, confirmed in static perimetry/24-2/. Abnormal dense clusters of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells forming a reticular network pattern (resembling a fishing net) with marked knots were detected by fundoscopy in the macular area and the mid-periphery of the retina. No abnormalities were found in the anterior segment, intraocular pressure, kinetic perimetry, Ishihara or Farnsworth D-15 tests or OCT. Fluorescein angiography confirmed blocked fluorescence from the choroidal vessels caused by the pigment in RPE. An autofluorescence test showed hypofluorescent foci corresponding to symmetrical and bilateral retinal hyperpigmentation with an RPE reticular pattern. Multifocal ERG (mfERG) revealed slight cone photoreceptor and bipolar bioelectrical dysfunction. Electrooculography (EOG) showed significant asymmetry (Arden Ratio 1.8), suggesting bioelectrical dysfunction of RPE/photoreceptors. Flash ERG (ERG) revealed only slight increase in implicit time of the a and b waves of the rod and cone responses and exclude cone-rod dystrophies. This article highlights the importance of the results of ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, autofluorescence, mfERG, fERG, EOG and genetic tests for Sjögren’s reticular dystrophy with a pathogenic variant in the region of the C2 gene-c.841_849+19del (dbSNP rs9332736). Full article