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19 pages, 7052 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Armenian Presence in Vienna: From the Coffeehouse to the Church and Back

by Theodosios Tsivolas and Ani Krikorian

Religions 2025, 16(3), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16030379 - 17 Mar 2025

Viewed by 2232

Vienna, one of Europe’s most historically significant cities, has been a focal point for numerous diaspora communities. Among these, the Armenians stand out due to their long-standing history in the city, with records of their presence dating back to the 17th century. This paper explores the contributions and experiences of the Armenian community in Vienna, focusing on how Armenian culture has been preserved and adapted via certain social spaces (coffeehouses, libraries, monasteries, and churches) and how these spaces have acted as cultural hubs for the diaspora. By examining the historical, cultural, and social background of these spaces, this study sheds light on how the Armenian community in Vienna navigates its heritage in a modern European context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religions, Cultural Memory and Heritage in the City: Reassembling a Plural Scenario)

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11 pages, 213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

One Hundred Years of Bloodshed: The Extermination of Christians by Muslims in the Ottoman Empire, 1822–1922

by Eleni Tseligka

Religions 2025, 16(3), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16030366 - 14 Mar 2025

Viewed by 3769

Abstract

This paper argues that the Armenian genocide, the genocide of the Greeks of Pontus and the Greek Catastrophe, and the Nestorian and Assyrian genocide, all of which took place during the late Ottoman Empire, were not isolated historic incidents, but rather different phases of a broader agenda of Christian extermination in Asia Minor. The early 19th-century Ottoman Christian scepticism over the established status quo of the millet system, which had served as a platform of religious conflict resolution and intercultural dialogue but dictated subordination to Islam, was perceived as defiance by Ottoman Muslims, who interpreted the Christian strife for social equality as the loss of their privilege, thus creating bottom-up pressure for violence, resulting in the genocide and ethnic cleansing of the majority of Ottoman Christians between 1822 and 1922. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interreligious Dialogue and Conflict)

11 pages, 3724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution of Armenian Surname Distribution in France between 1891 and 1990

by Pierre Darlu and Pascal Chareille

Genealogy 2024, 8(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8010007 - 5 Jan 2024

Viewed by 2919

Abstract

The evolution of the Armenian presence in mainland France from 1891 to 1990 is described on the basis of an inventory of more than 7000 family names of Armenian origin extracted from the INSEE surname database. Several surname samplings are proposed, and parameters such as the number of different Armenian names, the number of births with these names and their proportions are used as descriptors for each of the 320 French arrondissements and the four successive 25-year periods between 1891 and 1990. Before 1915, Armenian surnames and births with these names are infrequent and almost exclusively located in Paris and the arrondissements of Marseille. From 1915 onwards, subsequent to the genocide in Turkey, the number of births and the diversity of Armenian surnames rose sharply until 1940, before stabilizing thereafter. The diaspora remains essentially centred in Paris, Lyon, and Marseille, with little regional extension around these poles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family Names: Origins, History, Anthropology and Sociology)

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24 pages, 402 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Publicly Underrepresented Genocides of the 20th and 21st Century: A Review

by Larra M. Diboyan and Jesse R. Goliath

Humans 2023, 3(2), 82-105; https://doi.org/10.3390/humans3020009 - 16 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 11772

Abstract

Forensic anthropologists have been involved in investigating genocide and crimes against humanity for many decades. Raphael Lempkin first coined the term “genocide” in 1944, and in 1946, the United Nations General Assembly codified it as an independent crime. However, there has not been a systematic review available to better understand the history of many of these atrocities. Moreover, many of these events have not been discussed outside the cultures and individuals affected. This targeted literature review will discuss work on historic, lesser-known, modern genocides, and finally, the humanitarian forensic work being conducted in the field and digitally. Such events discussed include Herero and Namaqua, Sayfo, Armenian, Holodomor, Nanking (Nanjing), Romani, Palestinian, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Sikh, and Rohingya genocides. Work being done in this important sector of research is a critical development for not only recognizing these crimes but also for documenting and protecting the evidence of these human rights violations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Concerns and Considerations in Forensic Anthropology)

10 pages, 1047 KiB

Open AccessReview

Transgenerational Trauma and Mental Health Needs among Armenian Genocide Descendants

by Alissa Der Sarkissian and Jill D. Sharkey

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10554; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910554 - 8 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 9597

Abstract

The trauma of a genocide can be transmitted to subsequent generations though familial mental health, sociopolitical trauma, and cultural narratives, thereby impacting mental health and well-being. Understanding specific mechanisms that are unique to each ethnic group impacted by genocide illuminates cultural, sociopolitical, and individual factors related to the transmission. For the Armenian community, the unresolved historical loss of the Armenian Genocide of 1915, with the threat of acculturation for such a large diasporic population, a continued denial by the perpetrators, as well as subsequent generations’ refugee experiences, may further exasperate the impact of transgenerational trauma from the genocide. This literature review explores the mental health needs of Armenian youth in the current sociopolitical context and provides implications for how schools and communities may use this knowledge to inform supports that center Armenian community healing. Future directions for research are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health)

3 pages, 133 KiB

Open AccessEssay

Why the Armenian Genocide Lives in Me

by Barbara Erysian

Genealogy 2018, 2(4), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2040050 - 21 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3357

Abstract

Little has been taught about the Armenian Genocide of 1915 when approximately 1.5 million Armenians were brutally slaughtered. Moreover, the events are still being denied today. Community College Math Professor Barbara Erysian, an unlikely candidate to tell the story, carries the memories and sorrow of her people. She has dedicated herself to telling the story of how her grandmother survived the genocide. The story, repeatedly told to her as a child, is very much a part of her identity. Her essay describes some of the terrors of 1915. She believes the memory and pain of the Armenian Genocide must be told so that these crimes are never forgotten. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intergenerational Trauma and Healing)

13 pages, 214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Learning by Undoing, Democracy and Education, and John Dewey, the Colonial Traveler

by Marianna Papastephanou

Educ. Sci. 2017, 7(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci7010020 - 24 Jan 2017

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 9135

Abstract

The centennial anniversary of John Dewey’s Democracy and Education has been celebrated this year in a reconstructive and utility-based spirit. The article considers this spirit and the need to complement it with a critical-deconstructive and ‘use-less’ prism that will reveal shortcomings in Dewey’s and our own political pedagogies. Gleanings from Dewey’s book allow us to begin with what most educational theorists today treat as strong points of Dewey’s politics and then to explore how such points appear or disappear when Dewey’s ideas travel and how they relate to colonial and developmentalist elements in Dewey’s pragmatism. The article reveals how such elements operate in one of Dewey’s educational policy writings and in his related travel narratives. The main aim of the article is to indicate that we often require a ‘learning by undoing’ to obtain a heightened view on the stakes and challenges of old and current progressive pedagogies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Democracy and Education at 100)

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