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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = Ancien Régime

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14 pages, 266 KB  
Article
Female Education and Monastic Enclosure in Early Modern Portugal: Notes for a Reflection
by Maria Luísa Jacquinet
Religions 2025, 16(12), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16121551 - 9 Dec 2025
Viewed by 643
Abstract
The history of women’s education in Portugal predates the implementation of an official system, which was only consistently addressed after 1836 with Passos Manuel’s reform of primary instruction. Long before that, particularly from the Early Modern period onwards, women religious played a key [...] Read more.
The history of women’s education in Portugal predates the implementation of an official system, which was only consistently addressed after 1836 with Passos Manuel’s reform of primary instruction. Long before that, particularly from the Early Modern period onwards, women religious played a key role in providing education. Convents and Third Order houses—alongside families, charities, and religion-inspired foundations—offered instruction considered appropriate to women’s gender and social status. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) extended strict enclosure to all female convents, leading to the “monasticisation” of education—an arrangement that neither promoted the visibility of female learners nor encouraged the development of the pedagogical models that shaped their instruction. The later emergence of teaching orders, despite their adherence to enclosure, began to challenge the traditional monastic model. Drawing on largely unpublished or scarcely explored archival sources, this article seeks to shed light on the historical reasons behind the prominent and precedent-setting role of monasticism in the field of female education, and to address the enduring invisibility that still shrouds the cloistered world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women and Religion in the Medieval and Early Modern World)
12 pages, 254 KB  
Article
From the Church to the State and to Lordship
by Pablo F. Luna
Religions 2025, 16(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020241 - 16 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1446
Abstract
Despite a succession of advances and setbacks observed here and there, the suppression of regular religion in the age of revolution represented a definitive and irreversible process of the ascendancy of new social groups and classes and, at the same time, the suppression [...] Read more.
Despite a succession of advances and setbacks observed here and there, the suppression of regular religion in the age of revolution represented a definitive and irreversible process of the ascendancy of new social groups and classes and, at the same time, the suppression of the power of the two pillars of the ancien régime: the clergy and the nobility. It was also the nation that asserted itself as a “new historical actor”, with a new political and social agency of its own, and also with a new ambition for property and patrimony. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissolutions of Monasteries)
15 pages, 495 KB  
Article
Buildings, Lands, and Rents: Understanding the Process and Impact of Monastic Suppression in Spain
by Rosa Congost
Religions 2024, 15(11), 1382; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15111382 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2233
Abstract
In Ancien Régime Spain, ecclesiastical wealth consisted of not only land, but also the rental income raised from tenancies of which the Church was proprietor. Therefore, the suppression of monasteries and convents in Spain cannot be studied only in terms of the transfer [...] Read more.
In Ancien Régime Spain, ecclesiastical wealth consisted of not only land, but also the rental income raised from tenancies of which the Church was proprietor. Therefore, the suppression of monasteries and convents in Spain cannot be studied only in terms of the transfer of their principal estates. The incoming Liberal State appropriated the Church’s rents for its own use, although many had fallen into abeyance before the suppressions began. To assess the true impact of ecclesiastical confiscation, it is necessary to consider how far developments in religious sensibility, whether or not associated with new conceptions of property, before and after the liberal revolution, may have affected the treatment of these rents. In this article, I aim to examine the geographical distribution of the different property rights of the regular clergy in Spain under the Ancien Régime and to observe the role of the Liberal State in their evolution and in the fate of monastery and convent buildings. We will see, in all cases, the significant roles of the payers and receivers of different types of rents. Thus, territories with the same legal regime and similar institutions passed through the process in very different ways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dissolutions of Monasteries)
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