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17 pages, 9673 KB  
Article
Study on the Prediction of Slope Failure and Early Warning Thresholds Based on Model Tests
by Makoto Fukuhara, Taro Uchimura, Lin Wang, Shangning Tao and Junfeng Tang
Geotechnics 2024, 4(1), 1-17; https://doi.org/10.3390/geotechnics4010001 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3063
Abstract
In recent years, slope failure caused by heavy rainfall from linear precipitation bands has occurred frequently, causing extensive damage. Predicting slope failure is an important and necessary issue. A method used to predict the time of failure has been proposed, which focuses on [...] Read more.
In recent years, slope failure caused by heavy rainfall from linear precipitation bands has occurred frequently, causing extensive damage. Predicting slope failure is an important and necessary issue. A method used to predict the time of failure has been proposed, which focuses on the tertiary stage of the creep theory, shown as V = A/(tr − t), where V is the velocity of displacement, A is a constant, and (tr − t) is the time until failure. To verify this method, indoor model experiments and field monitoring were used to observe the behavior of surface displacement. Seven cases of laboratory experiments were conducted by changing the conditions in the model, such as materials, the thickness of the surface layer, and relative density. Then, two cases of field monitoring slope failure were examined using this method. The results show that, in the tertiary stage of creep theory, the relationship between tilt angle velocity and the time until failure can be expressed as an inversely proportional relationship. When the tilt angle velocity has reached the tertiary creep stage, it initially ranges from 0.01°/h to 0.1°/h; when near failure, it was found to be over 0.1°/h, so, combining this with previous research results, this is a reasonable value as a guideline for an early warning threshold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Geotechnical Engineering (2nd Edition))
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10 pages, 2942 KB  
Article
Vibration Characteristics Control of Resonance Point in Vehicle: Fundamental Considerations of Control System without Displacement and Velocity Information
by Keigo Ikeda, Jumpei Kuroda, Daigo Uchino, Kazuki Ogawa, Ayato Endo, Taro Kato, Hideaki Kato and Takayoshi Narita
Vibration 2023, 6(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010001 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2958
Abstract
The deterioration of ride comfort in ultra-compact vehicles has recently become an increasing concern. Active seat suspension was proposed to improve the ride comfort of ultra-compact vehicles. An active seat suspension is a vibration control device that is easily installed. The general vibration [...] Read more.
The deterioration of ride comfort in ultra-compact vehicles has recently become an increasing concern. Active seat suspension was proposed to improve the ride comfort of ultra-compact vehicles. An active seat suspension is a vibration control device that is easily installed. The general vibration control system of the active seat suspension is fed back to the displacement and velocity by integrating the measured seat acceleration. This control has problems, such as control delay and deviation by integration. In this study, we focused on vibration control using acceleration directly. First, we established a control model that feeds back the acceleration to terminate the error occurring in the integral process and investigated the change in vibration characteristics in the case where the feedback gain of acceleration was changed. Second, the control system was analyzed to investigate the performance of the control based on the frequency characteristics. As a result, it was confirmed that the frequency response changes when the feedback gain is changed. In acceleration feedback control, ride comfort was improved by selecting a proper feedback gain because the characteristics of frequency were changed by the gain. Full article
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11 pages, 173 KB  
Article
Anti-PEG IgM Response against PEGylated Liposomes in Mice and Rats
by Masako Ichihara, Taro Shimizu, Ami Imoto, Yuki Hashiguchi, Yumi Uehara, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Hiroshi Kiwada
Pharmaceutics 2011, 3(1), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics3010001 - 27 Dec 2010
Cited by 136 | Viewed by 12347
Abstract
We have reported that PEGylated liposomes lose their long-circulating properties when they are administered repeatedly at certain intervals to the same animal. This unexpected phenomenon is referred to as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. We recently showed that the ABC phenomenon is [...] Read more.
We have reported that PEGylated liposomes lose their long-circulating properties when they are administered repeatedly at certain intervals to the same animal. This unexpected phenomenon is referred to as the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. We recently showed that the ABC phenomenon is triggered via the abundant secretion of anti-PEG IgM in response to the first dose of PEGylated liposomes. However, the details of the underlying mechanism for the induction of anti-PEG IgM production are yet to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that the spleen is a major organ involved in the secretion of anti-PEG IgM in mice and rats. Anti-PEG IgM production was detected in nude, T-cell deficient mice, but not in SCID mice with B- and T-cell deficiencies. These observations indicate that splenic B-cells secret anti-PEG IgM without help from T-cells. Sequential injections of PEGylated liposomes into the same mice did not promote isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Accordingly, PEGylated liposomes may function as a type-2, T-cell-independent antigen (TI-2 antigen) during anti-PEG IgM production. Although the underlying mechanism that causes an anti-PEG IgM response against PEGylated liposomes is not yet clear, our findings give implications in revealing the anti-PEG IgM response against PEGylated liposome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery)
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