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Authors = Pierre Guy Atangana Njock

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18 pages, 5620 KiB  
Article
Influence of Climate Change and Land-Use Alteration on Water Resources in Multan, Pakistan
by Mohsin Abbas, Pierre Guy Atangana Njock and Yanning Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5210; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105210 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4330
Abstract
This study presents an evaluation of climate and land-use changes induced impacts on water resources of Multan City, Pakistan. Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) and Geographical Information System (GIS) are used for climate change scenario and spatial analyses. Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydraulic Modeling [...] Read more.
This study presents an evaluation of climate and land-use changes induced impacts on water resources of Multan City, Pakistan. Statistical Down Scaling Model (SDSM) and Geographical Information System (GIS) are used for climate change scenario and spatial analyses. Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydraulic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model is used for rainfall-runoff simulation. The investigated results show significant changes in climatological parameters, i.e., an increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the last 40 years, and a significant urban expansion is also observed from 2000 to 2020. The increase in temperature and urbanization has reduced the infiltration rate into the soil and increased the runoff flows. The HEC-HMS results indicate that surface runoff gradually increased over the last two decades. Consequently, the depth of the water table in the shallow aquifer has declined by about 0.3 m/year. Projected climate indices stipulate that groundwater depletion will occur in the future. Arsenic levels have exceeded the permissible limit owing to unplanned urban expansion and open dumping of industrial effluents. The results can help an efficient water resources management in Multan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Freshwater Ecological and Environmental Status)
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11 pages, 1448 KiB  
Communication
A Brief Report of Hotel Collapse Causing Casualties in Suzhou, China
by Yu-Lin Chen, Pierre Guy Atangana Njock and Lin-Shuang Zhao
Safety 2021, 7(4), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety7040082 - 10 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6659
Abstract
The collapse of a 30-year-old hotel building in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on 12 July 2021 raised legitimate questions about the identification of old buildings’ condition and risks stemming from remedial operations. This short communication reports and investigates the causes of this accident, which [...] Read more.
The collapse of a 30-year-old hotel building in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province on 12 July 2021 raised legitimate questions about the identification of old buildings’ condition and risks stemming from remedial operations. This short communication reports and investigates the causes of this accident, which led to 17 deaths and 5 injuries. Subsequently, it describes the rescue actions undertaken, including logistic means, operational strategies, and procedure sequencing. The causes of the accident were attributed to: (i) the poor quality and fragility of the building, (ii) illegal renovations and extensions, as well as (iii) the laxism of relevant departments that failed to timely check the risk level of the building before these renovations. Thanks to efficient organization and management, the rescue operations were completed within 42 h. Based on this preliminary analysis, some recommendations are proposed to prevent similar incidents in the future. Full article
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9 pages, 2569 KiB  
Communication
A Brief Report on the Explosion on 13 June 2021 at a Market in Shiyan, China
by Zhe-Han Wang, Pierre Guy Atangana Njock and Lin-Shuang Zhao
Safety 2021, 7(4), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety7040081 - 24 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6266
Abstract
A huge gas explosion occurred on 13 June 2021 in Shiyan City, China, resulting in 25 casualties and serious injuries to 37 people. The main victims of this explosion were stall keepers and customers buying breakfast and fresh vegetables in the food market. [...] Read more.
A huge gas explosion occurred on 13 June 2021 in Shiyan City, China, resulting in 25 casualties and serious injuries to 37 people. The main victims of this explosion were stall keepers and customers buying breakfast and fresh vegetables in the food market. There is a continuous need to enhance the understanding of such unfortunate events, given the dangers they pose. This study analyzes the causes of this accident considering the general background and scenes of the explosion, and then describes the rescue operations undertaken. The investigation results revealed that the explosion was caused by the poor maintenance of gas facilities and negligence of safety regulations. It is, therefore, recommended that the control of these two main aspects be strengthened to reduce the recurrence of such unfortunate accidents. Full article
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27 pages, 4237 KiB  
Review
Perspective Review on Subsea Jet Trenching Technology and Modeling
by Pierre Guy Atangana Njock, Qian Zheng, Ning Zhang and Ye-Shuang Xu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8(6), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8060460 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 11896
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review on subsea jet trenching technology via a critical analysis of its principle, mechanism, devices, modeling approaches, as well as properties of subsea sediments. This review shows that the success of jet trenching operations is closely related to [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive review on subsea jet trenching technology via a critical analysis of its principle, mechanism, devices, modeling approaches, as well as properties of subsea sediments. This review shows that the success of jet trenching operations is closely related to some key factors including the soil conditions, trencher specifications, and characteristics of pipelines or cables. Three case histories are presented to demonstrate the importance of these key factors and their interrelationships. This paper also points out a number of challenges pertaining to the implementation of the jet trenching method in carbonate sediments, as well as some limitations and gaps in the existing modeling approaches. Future perspective researches that are recommended to develop: (1) promising theories, like turbulent submerged flow, and (2) robust numerical approaches, such as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and material point method (MPM) to substantiate the experimental experience and reveal possible hidden mechanisms. Full article
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