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Authors = Mohsen Ashrafi

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15 pages, 2028 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Thermal Stress Analysis of Cervical Resin Composite Restorations Containing Different Ratios of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A 3D Finite Element Study
by Negar Yazdani, Hossein Ashrafi, Mutlu Özcan, Negin Nekoueimehr, Mohsen Kholdi and Azin Farzad
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165504 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2897
Abstract
Due to an increase in prevalence of cervical lesions, it is important to use appropriate restorative materials to reduce the incidence of secondary lesions. Owing to having antibacterial properties, cervical composite restorations containing different ratios of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been [...] Read more.
Due to an increase in prevalence of cervical lesions, it is important to use appropriate restorative materials to reduce the incidence of secondary lesions. Owing to having antibacterial properties, cervical composite restorations containing different ratios of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been analyzed using the Finite Element method to determine the optimal incorporation ratio from mechanical and thermal perspectives. A numerical simulation is conducted for a mandibular first premolar with a cervical lesion (1.5 × 2 × 3 mm3) restored with composites containing 0 to 5% wt. ZnO NPs. Subsequently, the samples are exposed to different thermo-mechanical boundary conditions, and stress distributions at different margins are examined. The accumulated stress in the restoration part increases for the 1% wt. sample, whereas the higher percentage of ZnO NPs leads to the reduction of stress values. In terms of different loading conditions, the least and most stress values in the restoration part are observed in central loading and lingually oblique force, respectively. The change in the surface temperature is inversely correlated with the ratio of ZnO NPs. In conclusion, the composite containing 5% wt. ZnO NPs showed the most proper thermo-mechanical behavior among all samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Dental Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 1263 KiB  
Article
Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Two Thymus Species Differently Sensitive to Drought Stress
by Mohsen Ashrafi, Mohammad-Reza Azimi-Moqadam, Ehsan MohseniFard, Farid Shekari, Hossein Jafary, Parviz Moradi, Mariachiara Pucci, Giulia Abate and Andrea Mastinu
BioTech 2022, 11(2), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech11020008 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4215
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important threats to plants and agriculture. Here, the effects of four drought levels (90%, 55%, 40%, and 25% field capacity) on the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoids levels, and mRNA gene expression of metabolic enzymes [...] Read more.
Drought is one of the most important threats to plants and agriculture. Here, the effects of four drought levels (90%, 55%, 40%, and 25% field capacity) on the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoids levels, and mRNA gene expression of metabolic enzymes in Thymus vulgaris (as sensitive to drought) and Thymus kotschyanus (as a drought-tolerant species) were evaluated. The physiological results showed that the treatment predominantly affected the RWC, chlorophyll, and carotenoids content. The gene expression analysis demonstrated that moderate and severe drought stress had greater effects on the expression of histone deacetylase-6 (HDA-6) and acetyl-CoA synthetase in both Thymus species. Pyruvate decarboxylase-1 (PDC-1) was upregulated in Thymus vulgaris at high drought levels. Finally, succinyl CoA ligase was not affected by drought stress in either species. Data confirmed water stress is able to alter the gene expression of specific enzymes. Furthermore, our results suggest that PDC-1 expression is independent from HDA-6 and the increased expression of ACS can be due to the activation of new pathways involved in carbohydrate production. Full article
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