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Pharmaceutical 3D printing, combined with nanomaterials and nanodevices, presents a transformative approach to precision medicine for treating neurological diseases. This technology enables the creation of tailored dosage forms with controlled release profiles, enhancing drug delivery across the blood−brain barrier (BBB). The integration of nanoparticles, such as poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), chitosan, and metallic nanomaterials, into 3D-printed scaffolds improves treatment efficacy by providing targeted and prolonged drug release. Recent advances have demonstrated the potential of these systems in treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors. Moreover, 3D printing allows for multi-drug combinations and personalized formulations that adapt to individual patient needs. Novel drug delivery approaches, including stimuli-responsive systems, on-demand dosing, and theragnostics, provide new possibilities for the real-time monitoring and treatment of neurological disorders. Despite these innovations, challenges remain in terms of scalability, regulatory approval, and long-term safety. The future perspectives of this technology suggest its potential to revolutionize neurological treatments by offering patient-specific therapies, improved drug penetration, and enhanced treatment outcomes. This review discusses the current state, applications, and transformative potential of 3D printing and nanotechnology in neurological treatment, highlighting the need for further research to overcome the existing challenges. Full article

The aim of this study was to identify the changes in the development of primary health care in 2002–2006 and to predict its potential results in 2008, based on various criteria (indicators). Data from the compulsory health insurance system “Sveidra” have been used for the analysis. A share of the private primary health care institutions, the persons enrolled with them, and visits in such institutions from all primary health care institutions during the study period have significantly statistically increased (average annual changes were 6.9%, 22.2%, and 27.2%, respectively). In 2008, this part would make up 61.0%, 30.6%, and 27.2%, respectively. The proportion of persons registered with family doctors and the number of visits to family doctors were significantly increasing (average annual changes were 22.5% and 27.2%, respectively). It is predicted that this part would make up 27.8% and 35.2% in 2008. More detailed analysis has shown that relatively more young and working-age persons (aged 18–44 years) were enrolled in private primary health care institutions. It is in particular evident in Vilnius and Kaunas where the choice of such institutions is high. The number of persons registered with family doctors was increasing in both private and public institutions (average annual changes were 22.5% and 8.3%, respectively; P<0.05). In private institutions, the proportion of persons registered with local district pediatricians was also significantly increasing. The study results have shown significant differences in the developments of primary health care in 2002– 2006 by various indicators. The objective defined in the strategy of restructuring will be achieved in 2008 only in respect of the number of institutions. Assessing by the aspect of services, the results achieved will be approximately two times lower. The practice of the institution of the family doctor is becoming more intensive in both private and public institutions. Full article