MDPI Reference List and Citations Style Guide

MDPI recommends that references be prepared with a bibliography software package such as EndNote or ReferenceManager, if a manuscript is prepared using MS Word. Alternatively, the free software Zotero can be used. Zotero is a tool that helps you collect, organize, and cite your references. For LaTeX users, we strongly recommend preparing references using BibTeX. If references are prepared manually, the authors should check them for completeness and correctness. For this purpose, authors may use Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, or Google Scholar.

EndNote Users: Please download the MDPI.ens reference style file from the EndNote website at http://endnote.com/downloads/style/mdpi.

Full Reference Formatting Guides

Quick Reference Formatting Guide

• Journal references must cite the full title of the paper, page range or article number, and digital object identifier (DOI) where available. Cited journals should be abbreviated according to the ISO 4 rules (please see the ISSN Center's List of Title Word Abbreviations or CAS's Core Journals List). Note: If you are not sure how to abbreviate a particular journal title, please leave the full title. The Editorial Office will abbreviate these journal titles appropriately.

8. Bowman, C.M.; Landee, F.A.; Reslock, M.A. Chemically Oriented Storage and Retrieval System. 1. Storage and Verification of Structural Information. J. Chem. Doc. 1967, 7, 43-47. https://doi.org/10.1021/c160024a013

• References to books should cite the author(s), title, publisher, publisher location (city and country), publication year, and page:

9. Smith, A.B. Textbook of Organic Chemistry; D. C. Jones: New York, NY, USA, 1961; pp. 123-126.

• When referencing a book written by various contributors, cite the author(s) first:

10. Winstein, S.; Henderson, R.B. In Heterocyclic Compounds; Elderfield, R.C., Ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1950; Volume 1, Chapter 1, p. 60.