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Volume 13
Issue 4
10.18683/germs.2023.1404
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GERMS is published by MDPI from Volume 25 Issue 4 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with the former publisher Infection Science Forum S.R.L..
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Review

Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Systematic Review of Literature

by
Stylianos A. Kandarakis
1,
Nikolaos Spernovasilis
2,3,
Ilias Georgalas
1,
Michalis Mendris
4,
Constantinos Tsioutis
5 and
Aris P. Agouridis
5,6,*
1
Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st University Eye Clinic, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
2
Department of Infectious Diseases, German Oncology Center, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus
3
School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71303 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
4
Department of Microbiology, Limassol General Hospital, 4131 Limassol, Cyprus
5
School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2410 Nicosia, Cyprus
6
Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
GERMS 2023, 13(4), 343-351; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1404
Submission received: 26 June 2023 / Revised: 27 December 2023 / Accepted: 29 December 2023 / Published: 31 December 2023
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Enterococcus casseliflavus is a rare pathogen in human infections, despite being widely distributed in natural environments. This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence related to endophthalmitis caused by E. casseliflavus. Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus databases was conducted, covering the period up to October 2022. Results: A total of 53 records were identified, with 8 studies reporting a total of 21 cases meeting the inclusion criteria. Among these studies, 7 described isolated case reports, while 1 study described 14 cases. The overall quality of the reports was good, as all articles were determined to have low risk of bias. Vancomycin susceptibility was reported in only one case of isolated case reports, while the remaining cases were all vancomycin resistant. With regard to management, in most cases intravenous ampicillin and linezolid were administered, while only one study reported administration of vancomycin. Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the potential for E. casseliflavus to cause endophthalmitis infections and the challenges associated with its intrinsic resistance to vancomycin.
Keywords: Enterococcus casseliflavus; endophthalmitis; resistance; vancomycin; systematic review Enterococcus casseliflavus; endophthalmitis; resistance; vancomycin; systematic review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kandarakis, S.A.; Spernovasilis, N.; Georgalas, I.; Mendris, M.; Tsioutis, C.; Agouridis, A.P. Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Systematic Review of Literature. GERMS 2023, 13, 343-351. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1404

AMA Style

Kandarakis SA, Spernovasilis N, Georgalas I, Mendris M, Tsioutis C, Agouridis AP. Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Systematic Review of Literature. GERMS. 2023; 13(4):343-351. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1404

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kandarakis, Stylianos A., Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Ilias Georgalas, Michalis Mendris, Constantinos Tsioutis, and Aris P. Agouridis. 2023. "Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Systematic Review of Literature" GERMS 13, no. 4: 343-351. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1404

APA Style

Kandarakis, S. A., Spernovasilis, N., Georgalas, I., Mendris, M., Tsioutis, C., & Agouridis, A. P. (2023). Endophthalmitis Caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A Systematic Review of Literature. GERMS, 13(4), 343-351. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2023.1404

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