Fetal Macrophages Exposed to Salmonella Antigens Elicit Protective Immunity Against Overwhelming Salmonella Challenge in A Murine Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mouse Husbandry
2.2. In Utero Injection [20,21]
2.3. Harvest of Gestational Day 14 FMs from the Liver and Peritoneum [17]
2.4. Adoptive Transfer of Flagellin or Bacteria-Loaded FMs
2.5. Intraperitoneal Challenge of S. typhimurium in Mice
2.6. Electron Microscopic Examination for Endocytosis of FMs
2.7. ELISA for Serum Anti-Flagellin and Anti-LPS IgG1 Levels
2.8. Proliferation of Lymphocytes in Response to Flagellin
2.9. Quantification of IFNγ, IL4, and IL5 Cytokines
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. In Utero Injection of Flagellin in FVB/N Mice
3.2. Adoptive Transfer of Gestational Day 14 FMs Pulsed with Flagellin into FVB/N Recipients
3.3. Susceptibility of FVB/N Mice to S. typhimurium Infection
3.4. Intraperitoneal Challenge of S. typhimurium in Murine Recipients
3.5. Endocytosis of Pathogens by FMs
3.6. In Utero Injection of Heat-Killed S. typhimurium into FVB/N Murine Fetuses
3.7. Adoptive Transfer of FMs Loaded with Heat-Killed S. typhimurium
3.8. Protective Effects of Sera or Lymphocytes from Mice Immunized by Salmonella-Loaded FMs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, J.-C.; Ou, L.-S.; Kuo, M.-L.; Tseng, L.-Y.; Chang, H.-L.; Chen, S.-C.; Chiu, C.-H. Fetal Macrophages Exposed to Salmonella Antigens Elicit Protective Immunity Against Overwhelming Salmonella Challenge in A Murine Model. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030245
Chen J-C, Ou L-S, Kuo M-L, Tseng L-Y, Chang H-L, Chen S-C, Chiu C-H. Fetal Macrophages Exposed to Salmonella Antigens Elicit Protective Immunity Against Overwhelming Salmonella Challenge in A Murine Model. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(3):245. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030245
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jeng-Chang, Liang-Shiou Ou, Ming-Ling Kuo, Li-Yun Tseng, Hsueh-Ling Chang, Shiang-Chi Chen, and Cheng-Hsun Chiu. 2021. "Fetal Macrophages Exposed to Salmonella Antigens Elicit Protective Immunity Against Overwhelming Salmonella Challenge in A Murine Model" Biomedicines 9, no. 3: 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030245