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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/biomedicines13071554
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Review

The Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Pro-Autophagy Activities of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review

by
Beatrice Garavaglia
1,*,
Letizia Vallino
1,
Alessandra Ferraresi
1,
Annalisa Visciglia
2,
Angela Amoruso
2,
Marco Pane
2,
Camelia Munteanu
3 and
Ciro Isidoro
1,*
1
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
2
Probiotical S.p.A., Via E. Mattei 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
3
Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1554; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071554 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 April 2025 / Revised: 12 June 2025 / Accepted: 24 June 2025 / Published: 25 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota, Diet, and Immunity: Investigating the Connections and Implications for Disease Development: 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, particularly in Western countries where there is high consumption of processed food. Gut microbiota, intestinal inflammation, and autophagy play pivotal roles in CRC initiation and progression. Probiotics and probiotic metabolites (particularly short-chain fatty acids) have emerged as potential preventive and adjuvant therapeutics by restoring a balanced gut microbiota, dampening inflammation, stimulating immune response, and improving barrier integrity and intestinal epithelial homeostasis by modulating autophagy. This narrative review discusses the current evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-autophagy effects of probiotics and their metabolites and explores their potential preventive and therapeutic applications in CRC management.
Keywords: butyrate; APC; autophagy; inflammation; microbiota; cytokines; cancer butyrate; APC; autophagy; inflammation; microbiota; cytokines; cancer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garavaglia, B.; Vallino, L.; Ferraresi, A.; Visciglia, A.; Amoruso, A.; Pane, M.; Munteanu, C.; Isidoro, C. The Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Pro-Autophagy Activities of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071554

AMA Style

Garavaglia B, Vallino L, Ferraresi A, Visciglia A, Amoruso A, Pane M, Munteanu C, Isidoro C. The Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Pro-Autophagy Activities of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(7):1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071554

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garavaglia, Beatrice, Letizia Vallino, Alessandra Ferraresi, Annalisa Visciglia, Angela Amoruso, Marco Pane, Camelia Munteanu, and Ciro Isidoro. 2025. "The Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Pro-Autophagy Activities of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review" Biomedicines 13, no. 7: 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071554

APA Style

Garavaglia, B., Vallino, L., Ferraresi, A., Visciglia, A., Amoruso, A., Pane, M., Munteanu, C., & Isidoro, C. (2025). The Anti-Inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, and Pro-Autophagy Activities of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines, 13(7), 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071554

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