The Role of GLP-1 Analogues in the Treatment of Obesity-Related Asthma Phenotype

Asthma and obesity are two common chronic diseases of growing clinical and social importance. One of the recognised phenotypes of asthma is obesity-related asthma, which is characterised by a more severe course, resistance to glucocorticosteroids, increased inflammation and poorer symptom control. This article discusses the complex pathophysiological mechanism of this phenotype, considering the role of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders resulting from obesity. The potential role of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) receptor analogues as an innovative therapeutic option in the treatment of asthma in obese individuals, both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is also analysed. A literature review indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogue (GLP-1RA) drugs, in addition to their hypoglycaemic and weight-reducing effects, also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory system and may reduce the frequency of asthma exacerbations and improve asthma control. The article reviews current data from experimental and clinical studies, emphasising the need for further research on the use of GLP-1RA as an adjunct to conventional asthma therapy in the context of the obese asthma phenotype.