Advancing Open Science

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically heterogeneous B-cell malignancy in which deletion of chromosome 13q14 [del(13q)] represents the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality. Although isolated del(13q) is traditionally associated with a favourable prognosis, its biological and clinical consequences depend on its underlying genomic context. The DLEU2/miR-15a/16-1 locus within 13q14 represents a key non-coding tumour-suppressive regulatory axis. This review examines the mechanisms underlying miR-15a/16-1 deregulation in CLL and their implications for leukemic biology, clonal evolution, and therapeutic vulnerability. A narrative review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies addressing the genomic architecture of the 13q14 locus, transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional regulation of miR-15a/16-1, validated downstream targets, and the clinical relevance of deletion size, allelic status, deletion burden, and co-occurring cytogenetic lesions. miR-15a/16-1 deregulation results from multilayered mechanisms, including structural heterogeneity of del(13q), altered DLEU2 promoter activity, epigenetic repression, impaired miRNA processing, and subclonal evolution. Reduced cluster expression promotes derepression of key targets involved in apoptosis resistance, cell-cycle progression, and pro-survival signaling, including BCL2, MCL1, CCND1, CDK6, and components of the TP53 and mTOR pathways. The biological effects of del(13q) are further shaped by deletion boundaries, RB1 involvement, clone size, allelic status, and coexisting genomic alterations, including trisomy 12 (+12). The DLEU2/miR-15a/16-1 locus should be considered a dynamic genomic determinant rather than a static favourable-risk lesion. Integrative high-resolution and single-cell approaches may improve the characterization of 13q14 abnormalities and refine biologically informed risk stratification and therapeutic strategies in CLL.

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth, but low soluble phosphate availability in soils often limits plant performance. Although roses are economically important ornamentals, their adaptive responses to low-phosphorus (LP) stress remain poorly characterized. We examined the physiological and transcriptomic responses of Rosa chinensis ‘Mohong’ grown for 15 days in sand culture at 0.25 (control), 0.025 (moderate LP), or 0.005 (severe LP) mM phosphate. Moderate LP barely affected plant height but increased primary root and lateral root zone length by 21.0% and 76.4%, and enhanced root acid phosphatase activity and organic acid exudation. Severe LP inhibited shoot growth, increased the root-to-shoot ratio by 98.3%, and stimulated root metabolic activity, indicating sustained root vitality under P shortage. Photosynthesis declined under both LP levels, mainly through non-stomatal limitation, accompanied by reduced chlorophyll content and activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes. RNA-seq identified 2590 and 3024 differentially expressed genes in roots and leaves under severe LP, enriched in phosphate transport and signaling (PHT1, SPX), membrane components, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signal transduction; twelve candidate genes were further validated by qRT-PCR. MYB, NAC, bHLH, and HB-WOX transcription factors (TFs), together with receptor-like kinases (RLKs), emerged as candidate regulators. These results reveal a dose-dependent, tissue-partitioned strategy of LP adaptation in rose—moderate LP promotes root foraging and rhizosphere P mobilization, whereas severe LP sustains root function at the cost of shoot growth and photosynthesis—and provide candidate traits and genes for breeding P-efficient rose cultivars.

This paper asks whether stranded asset theory, developed in climate finance for immobile capital, transfers to an asset class that can move. It tests whether the two literatures that could address it—stranded assets in shipping and vessel relocation under environmental regulation—engage with one another through a Scopus retrieval probe, citation analysis and bibliographic coupling. Under the original queries, they do not intersect in self-description; expanded queries return a few records, none meeting both criteria on screening; and citation between the screened corpora is confined to four links, with integration limited but not absent. Asset mobility is an unexamined boundary condition on stranded asset theory. Lending evidence prices the borrower’s climate performance and does not detect pricing of the financed vessel’s carbon intensity, so a constraint on the balance sheet may be escaped by changing it. The contribution is a qualification: ships are redeployable under heterogeneous constraints, and a transfer relocates the incidence of a write down without necessarily avoiding a loss capitalized in the resale price. Portfolio metrics over held or financed assets take the same post-exit value whether a high-intensity vessel is scrapped or sold. The design does not establish causation; four falsifiable propositions are specified.

Invasive plant species pose major ecological and economic challenges, with effective management dependent on accurate and timely detection. This study developed and evaluated a workflow for detecting flowering-stage Chromolaena odorata (Siam Weed) using high-resolution UAV (uncrewed aerial vehicle) imagery and a YOLOv11 object detection model. UAV images captured at Labelle Downs in the Northern Territory were processed into an orthomosaic and tiled for annotation and training. After excluding training tiles, sub-tile-level assessment yielded precision of 0.99, recall of 0.77 and an F1-score of 0.86; validation tiles remained included, so this was not a fully independent test. Detection maps represented candidate infestation patterns. Model transferability was evaluated without retraining at an independent site near Townsville, Queensland, where precision was 0.76, recall was 0.82 and F1-score was 0.79. A supplementary pooled analysis excluding training imagery found lower precision in the highest ranked near-white-pixel group (0.77) than in the remaining classes (0.98), but could not separate brightness from site, sensor, vegetation and image-quality differences. The workflow provides spatially coherent outputs that could guide field verification and management. Further validation across sites, seasons and phenological stages is needed to establish broader applicability.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health concern. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is an established approach to controlling postprandial glucose levels. In this study, we aimed to synthesize oxazole–thiadiazole–sulphonamide derivatives (1–14) and evaluate their inhibitory activity against both enzymes. Methods: Fourteen derivatives were synthesized and characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and high-resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (HR-EI-MS). Their inhibitory activities were evaluated using acarbose as the reference inhibitor. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis and molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the influence of aromatic substitution and explore potential enzyme–ligand interactions. Results: Compound 5 had the strongest inhibitory activity, displaying values of IC₅₀ 6.20 ± 0.30 µM for α-amylase and 6.70 ± 0.20 µM for α-glucosidase, in comparison with 10.50 ± 0.20 µM and 11.10 ± 0.30 µM, respectively, for acarbose. The other derivatives showed varying inhibitory activities. Docking analysis provided computational insights into possible interactions within the enzyme binding sites. Conclusions: Compound 5 was the most potent derivative in the series against both enzymes and represents a promising in vitro candidate for further biochemical, mechanistic, and safety evaluation.

To address the complex pollution tracing challenge in the upstream watershed of Fenhe Reservoir, characterized by non-point source dominance with intertwined point sources, and to overcome the limitations of traditional monitoring techniques with low tracing accuracy and poor timeliness, this study develops a “preliminary screening–detailed analysis” tracing framework. The framework combines regional percentage similarity with Pearson correlation coefficients, based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral characteristics of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Algorithm validation and watershed tracing applications were systematically conducted. In the upstream watershed of Fenhe Reservoir, 36 sampling sites were set along main and tributary streams, along with 11 typical pollution source sites. Water samples were collected in autumn (November). CDOM fluorescence spectra were measured, and similarity algorithms were applied to identify watershed fluorescence fingerprints and screen candidate pollution sources. Results show that the regional percentage similarity algorithm is highly robust against concentration fluctuations in the same-source samples, allowing rapid identification of dominant pollution sources. The Pearson correlation algorithm is sensitive to spectral shape differences and effectively distinguishes different-source pollution (similarity < 60%), enabling precise quantification of the relative contribution of each source in mixed pollution. Combined use of the two algorithms achieves the dual goals of rapid preliminary screening of dominant sources and accurate identification of pollution sources, demonstrating the method’s applicability in semi-arid, complex-pollution watersheds. Among the source types covered by the autumn sampling, CDOM in the upstream watershed is dominated by humic-like substances, with agricultural return flow being the main pollution source. Protein-like substances. Agricultural return flow showed dual-algorithm similarity ≥ 90% with most sites, making it the candidate source most strongly associated with watershed CDOM composition among the sources sampled in autumn. Protein-like signals in the downstream main stem intensified along the flow direction and were spatially associated with riparian human activities. The proposed combined technique and tracing method provide a scientific basis and technical support for precise non-point source pollution tracing and environmental management in semi-arid watersheds.

Background: Mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has important implications for surgical planning. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), individually and in combination, for detecting mandibular invasion in OSCC. The secondary objective was to examine survival according to histopathological invasion status. Methods: Patients with treatment-naïve OSCC who underwent CT and MRI before mandibulectomy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively analysed. Imaging findings were compared with histopathology as the reference standard. Combined imaging was considered positive when either CT or MRI demonstrated features of mandibular invasion. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: Among 57 patients, 25 had histopathologically confirmed mandibular invasion. CT and MRI had sensitivities of 88% and 92% and specificities of 90.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Combined imaging had a sensitivity of 96.0% and a specificity of 84.4%. Imaging for cortical invasion had a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 100%, compared with 92.0% and 87.5% for medullary invasion. Five-year survival was 87.4% in patients without invasion, 55.5% in those with cortical invasion, and 37.8% in those with medullary invasion (log-rank p = 0.015). Conclusions: CT and MRI showed similar overall accuracy. Medullary invasion was associated with poorer survival; however, the survival analysis was univariate and unadjusted.

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is routinely presented as a sustainable alternative to conventional aerospace manufacturing, but its energy advantage is conditional and alloy-specific. We review the material and energy chain of Ti-6Al-4V, AlSi10Mg, Scalmalloy, WE43, and AZ91 and compare the cradle-to-gate primary energy of each with the conventional route it displaces. For titanium, the collapse of the buy-to-fly (BTF) ratio cuts primary energy by approximately 62% at a conventional BTF of 8:1 (49 to 72% when build specific energy consumption, SEC, and feedstock inventory vary together); machining-chip recycling narrows the saving. For aluminium, the case holds only for machining-intensive parts; measured industrial build energies support it, laboratory ones can eliminate or reverse it. For magnesium, published data show no cradle-to-gate advantage: casting already operates close to net shape, so Mg L-PBF must be justified on geometric or functional grounds. This conclusion rests on estimated build SEC; metered electricity SEC below about 33 to 39 MJ/kg against a 2:1 casting baseline, or 124 to 130 MJ/kg at 3:1, would reverse it. The evidence base is markedly asymmetric; titanium has been investigated in many independent reuse studies, but results for magnesium are described in a single WE43 study with no cycle-resolved AZ91 data.