Search Results (7,117)

Unattended photovoltaic monitoring nodes must maintain authenticated operation under physical access, intermittent connectivity, and environmentally induced key-reconstruction errors. We present a distributed adaptive hardware security framework (DAHSF) combining trusted-gateway threshold authorization, adaptive static random-access memory (SRAM) physical unclonable function (PUF) reconstruction, and incident-driven inspection. Independent epoch secrets separate current authorization from retained historical shares. A nested Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) error-correction scheme reconstructs a fixed 2016-bit SRAM-PUF response, from which universal hashing extracts a 256-bit seed; federated estimation guides decoding effort. The cost and defense trade-offs are assessed under the tested workload, gateway trust, prediction-calibration, and availability conditions. On a 30-node ESP32 platform, DAHSF reduces median startup and mean node power by 4.8% and 4.4% relative to a matched lightweight baseline, with 14.3% more incremental RAM. Predicted-bound decoding reduces mean decoding time from 96 to 59 microseconds. A separate confirmatory cohort records three failures in 120,000 stressed reconstructions; its board-clustered 95% upper bound is $8.6\times {10}^{-5}$. In the moderate attack scenario, the full inspection profile reduces compromised-node exposure by 30.0% relative to a risk-threshold policy and by 18.0% relative to frozen propagation-rate estimates. The recorded control workload has no observed 1 ms MPPT deadline misses, while fault injection still bypasses authorization in 168 of 4000 attempts. Full article

Environmental longwave radiation (ELR) can alter exterior-surface temperature and thereby modify moisture transport in building envelopes, yet its coupled hygrothermal effects are often simplified and remain insufficiently quantified across different climates. A transient coupled heat and moisture transfer (HAMT) model was developed using temperature and capillary pressure as the primary variables, with wind-driven rain (WDR), solar shortwave radiation, and dynamic sky longwave radiation incorporated into the exterior boundary. Validation against the HAMSTAD benchmark and long-term field measurements demonstrated that the model reproduces both near-saturated moisture behavior and the dominant transient hygrothermal response of multilayer walls. The capillary-pressure formulation was therefore adopted for subsequent ELR analyses in Harbin and Guangzhou, representing severe-cold and hot-summer/warm-winter climates in China, respectively. In Harbin, ELR-induced radiative cooling increased mean exterior-surface relative humidity by 9.1 percentage points and raised its peak from 91.4% to 99.7%; annual sensible and latent heat transfer increased by 7.88% and 3.33%, respectively. In Guangzhou, transient surface responses were much weaker, yet annual sensible heat transfer decreased by 11.99% while latent heat transfer increased by 7.54%, indicating a climate-dependent redistribution of heat and moisture transport. The maximum exterior-surface mold index increased from 2.20 to 3.89 in Harbin and from 3.69 to 4.27 in Guangzhou. These results identify a coupled pathway through which ELR-induced radiative cooling modifies surface humidity, internal moisture redistribution, energy partitioning, and long-term mold risk. Explicit representation of dynamic ELR is therefore important for climate-specific assessments of envelope hygrothermal performance and moisture durability. Full article

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management strategies on post-anthesis photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen translocation, and yield formation of winter wheat, this study was based on a long-term fixed-site experiment established in 2013. Four treatments were set up: no nitrogen application (CK), conventional nitrogen application (FP), optimized nitrogen application (OPT), and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRF), to study their effects on the post-anthesis photosynthesis, nitrogen translocation, yield, and soil characteristics of winter wheat. Nitrogen application significantly increased flag leaf SPAD value, green leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, and yield components ( p< 0.05). The OPT treatment achieved the highest yield of 8871.69 kg·hm⁻², which was 2.32% and 4.00% higher than that of FP and CRF, respectively, and its nitrogen use efficiency indicators were also relatively high. Nitrogen application increased urease activity and altered microbial community composition. OPT could maintain a relatively high post-anthesis photosynthetic capacity and promote efficient nitrogen utilization, suggesting that it a suitable fertilization mode for high-yield and high-efficiency winter wheat production. Full article

Prefabricated steel box-girder assembly faces prominent fuzzy and random uncertainty in manufacturing inspection data, and effective multi-source information fusion assessment methods are still insufficient. Targeting this problem, this paper establishes a four-category and 15-indicator hierarchical pre-assembly risk evaluation index system for steel box-girder segments on the basis of specifications, literature review and expert consultation. An improved D–S evidence fusion workflow embedded with evidence similarity screening mechanism is proposed to solve high-conflict multi-source factory inspection data. Combined with cloud-model qualitative–quantitative mapping, Monte Carlo simulation and global sensitivity analysis, the framework realizes quantitative risk grading and dominant manufacturing risk factor identification. A case study yields four main findings: (1) after fusion, uncertainty for all beam segments remained below 0.05, satisfying engineering confidence requirements; (2) the improved D–S evidence theory achieved a high-risk confidence of 0.9944, outperforming classical evidence theory (0.9675) and the weighted average method (0.6229); (3) Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the method’s reliability in distinguishing risk levels among segments; and (4) global sensitivity analysis accurately identified key risk factors for each segment. This framework can realize pre-assembly risk early warning relying on conventional factory inspection records and provides technical support for reducing prefabricated steel box-girder on-site assembly failure risk. Full article

Background/Objectives: Affinity proteomics of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is complicated by proteolytic processing, dynamic trafficking, and purification background. We generated a C-terminal 3×FLAG knock-in at the endogenous App locus to establish a cortical affinity-proteomic resource and prioritize APP-associated candidates for further study. Methods: Eight-week-old male homozygous APP-3×FLAG mice on a C57BL/6J background and wild-type littermates were characterized by biochemical and behavioral assays (n = 6 and n = 7 per genotype, respectively). Cortical material from three APP-3×FLAG males was pooled for anti-FLAG affinity purification and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Protein accessions were filtered by positive Area, unique-peptide support, and control recovery, with Gene Ontology (GO) analyses conducted under alternative backgrounds. Selected candidates underwent targeted co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Results: Baseline APP, amyloid-β, and behavioral measurements showed no statistically significant genotype-associated differences. Five shared high-confidence APP regions showed local Cα RMSD values below 0.3 Å in structural-model comparisons. Across APP-IP and control datasets, 1874 accessions were identified. Evidence filtering retained 990 non-bait candidate accessions representing 967 APP-IP protein groups. Two de novo-only spectra supported recovery of the engineered APP–3×FLAG junction peptide. GO analysis identified 21 significant cellular-component terms under the observed-union background, with none under the evidence-eligible background. Targeted anti-FLAG co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting supported ANXA2 and RACK1 co-recovery with APP-3×FLAG. Conclusions: The endogenous tagging model, evidence-filtered proteomic dataset, and targeted biochemical findings establish a candidate resource for investigating APP-associated assemblies and prioritizing proteins for studies of trafficking and proteostasis. Full article

Reliable UAV detection from ground-based cameras remains difficult under changing illumination, complex backgrounds, and residual displacement between visible and infrared sensors. This paper proposes the Bidirectional Feature Alignment and Transfer-Gated Fusion Network (BATF-Net), a dual-stream detector that preserves separate RGB- and infrared-reference coordinate systems. At the C3, C4, and C5 stages of a two-stream YOLOX-s architecture, an offset estimator shared across transfer directions predicts RGB-to-infrared and infrared-to-RGB displacement fields. Bilinear sampling maps each source features into the corresponding reference coordinates, after which a spatial gate derived from local response magnitude and post-alignment cosine similarity controls residual feature transfer. The network is trained end to end with two detection-head losses and requires neither pixel-level registration labels nor an auxiliary geometric objective. Under the stated validation protocol, the RGB-/infrared-reference ${\mathrm{AP}}_{50:95}$ values are 41.9%/56.9% on MM-UAV and 66.3%/60.6% on Anti-UAV. Compared with the RGB–infrared detector preceding MMA-SORT, these values are higher by 0.8/0.4 and 0.4/0.5 percentage points, respectively. BATF-Net requires 50.0 G FLOPs and runs at 167 frames/s, compared with 54.2 G FLOPs and 125 frames/s for the MMA-SORT detector on the reported platform. These results show that bidirectional alignment can improve paired RGB–infrared UAV detection while preserving sensor-specific outputs and real-time throughput on the evaluated platform. Full article

As mining operations extend to greater depths, the high in-situ stresses and intense disturbances associated with deep mining present significant challenges for mining operations, including fractured rock masses, poor stability, susceptibility to water-induced softening and deformation, and difficulties in ground support. As one of the most critical support components in tunnels and mine roadways, the anchorage mechanism of bolts at the bolt-surrounding rock interface in deep fractured surrounding rock remains unclear. To gain deeper insight into the anchorage mechanism and failure evolution of the bolt-surrounding rock interface under deep surrounding rock conditions, this study conducts similar bolt pull-out tests to investigate the anchorage performance of the bolt-surrounding rock interface during pull-out under multiple experimental factors, and analyzes the mechanical properties, response stages, and failure characteristics of the anchorage interface using multiple evaluation indices. The results show that: (1) the anchorage length, the confining pressure, and the material strength act on the anchorage performance through distinct mechanisms; (2) the introduction of expansion points on the bolt surface alters the interfacial load-transfer path and markedly improves the anchorage performance, albeit with a marginal effect; (3) based on the measured load-slip responses, the pull-out process is interpreted as six consecutive stages, whose characteristics differ notably between conventional and expansion-type bolts. Full article

A single correlation coefficient computed directly from an undecomposed power time series may obscure coupling patterns associated with short-term fluctuations, stage-wise variations, and long-term trends among heterogeneous source and load nodes. To address this issue, this study proposes a multi-timescale source–load coupling correlation analysis method based on the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT). MODWT is first used to decompose multi-node power time series into high-, medium-, and low-frequency components. Within each frequency band, pairwise correlations are calculated over separate time windows and aggregated in Fisher z-space using effective-sample-size-based reliability weights. The resulting scale-specific correlation matrices are then fused according to the fluctuation-energy contributions of the reconstructed components. A case study using one year of 5 min measurements from 12 source–load nodes shows clear scale-dependent coupling patterns: the two photovoltaic (PV) nodes remain strongly correlated across scales, whereas PV–load correlations are generally weak and load–load correlations decrease from the high-frequency scale toward longer time scales. As an illustrative downstream application, the proposed matrices are further used as fixed graph priors in a common joint forecasting model. The proposed graph achieves the lowest training-stage mean squared error (MSE) in 7 of 8 reported configurations and reduces training-stage MSE by approximately 1.1–9.3% relative to the conventional Pearson-correlation graph. Additional test-set results show a similar comparative trend, indicating that the benefit of the proposed multi-timescale correlation information is not confined to the training data and remains evident on unseen samples. Full article

A major challenge in training-free image style transfer is to reproduce the artistic characteristics of a reference image while preserving the semantic identity and spatial structure of the content image. Existing methods often struggle to balance content preservation and stylistic expressiveness: aggressive feature injection may introduce semantic information from the style reference, whereas conservative strategies tend to produce only coarse color and tone transfer. To address this issue, we propose DeStyle, a unified training-free framework that progressively decouples style transfer across latent initialization, feature conditioning, and latent-manifold alignment. First, Precision Trajectory Inversion (PT-Inversion) and Dual-Priors Statistical Fusion (DPSF) establish a content-aware initial latent prior by reducing inversion errors and aligning the statistical characteristics of content and style representations. Second, a dual-branch regulation architecture is equipped with Dynamic Singular Component Filtering (DSCF), which dynamically suppresses semantic interference in stylistic features through time-aware singular value filtering. Finally, Latent-Manifold Alignment via Attention-Guided Distillation (LMA-AGD) refines the latent representation by aligning attention distributions, enabling more accurate reconstruction of fine-grained artistic textures. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that DeStyle achieves superior performance in structural fidelity, content-leakage suppression, and stylistic expressiveness compared with existing training-free style transfer methods. Full article

Acholeplasma laidlawii is a Mycoplasma species widely distributed in the environment. It is often regarded as an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing respiratory infections in animals and humans. To date, only a few studies have reported A. laidlawii infection in poultry. In the present study, an A. laidlawii strain was isolated from the lungs and trachea of diseased ducks presenting with air sac lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the isolate was susceptible to tylvalosin, tylosin, and valnemulin, with relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The pathogenicity of the isolate was evaluated using specific-pathogen-free (SPF) ducks via subcutaneous inoculation. No clinical signs were observed during the experimental period. Oral and cloacal swabs, as well as tissue samples, were tested by PCR. The results showed that the pathogen was detectable in swabs from 5 to 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), and all lung and tracheal samples from infected ducks tested positive. Histopathological examination of the lungs and trachea revealed pathological changes in both tissues. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that A. laidlawii was capable of colonizing ducks and inducing mild histopathological changes, suggesting that this pathogen might pose an epidemiological risk in duck farming. Furthermore, these results indicate that A. laidlawii could colonize ducks, underscoring the need for continued surveillance to monitor for emerging pathogens in ducks. Full article

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a microbially biodegradable polyester, suffers from high crystallinity, intrinsic surface hydrophobicity and a narrow thermal processing window, which greatly restrict its practical application. In this work, high-molecular-weight commercial poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was degraded through ethylene-glycol alcoholysis to obtain a hydroxyl-terminated PHB-diol prepolymer. A block copolymer was further synthesized by coupling the prepolymer with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-1500) using hexamethylene diisocyanate as the chain extender. Molecular-weight measurements confirm that alcoholysis reduces the peak molecular weight of PHB-diol to 9.12 × 10³, and the subsequent coupling reaction raises the peak molecular weight of the resulting block copolymer up to 2.40 × 10⁵. After chemical modification, the water contact angle decreases from 75.5° to 43.6°, while the surface free energy increases notably from 28.4 mN/m to 54.1 mN/m. Morphological observations show that the introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments inhibits the regular spherulite growth of PHB. Due to flexible PEG segments and thermally sensitive carbamate linkages formed in the reaction, the thermal stability of this block copolymer declines. This chemical coupling strategy effectively improves the surface hydrophilicity of PHB. It should be noted that biodegradation performance is only inferred from structural features, without direct biodegradation experimental verification. This work provides fundamental experimental support for the hydrophilic modification of PHB-based degradable polymer materials. Full article

Alpine agroecosystems face fertilizer-induced nutrient imbalances, including early nitrogen accumulation and late-season nitrate residue. While organic substitution is promoted as a sustainable practice, different substitution ratios may generate contrasting responses among nutrient availability, rhizosphere function, and SOC temporal stability. We established a field experiment in Tibetan highland barley with five treatments at equivalent N, P, and K rates: 100% NPK, 75% NPK + 25% cattle manure (CM), 50% NPK + 50% CM, 25% NPK + 75% CM, and 100% CM, plus an unfertilized control. Soils were sampled from 0–10 cm bulk soil, 10–20 cm bulk soil, and rhizosphere soil (0–10 cm) at booting, filling, and maturity. Stoichiometric ratios in the 0–10 cm layer changed mainly at maturity, whereas responses in the 10–20 cm layer and rhizosphere were weaker, indicating stage- and compartment-dependent treatment responses. The treatments showed three response modes: mineral fertilizer-dominated nutrient pulses, manure-dominated late-season nitrate residue and surface SOC stability, and partial substitution patterns with comparatively balanced nutrient responses. No single substitution ratio optimized all measured indicators. We therefore propose these modes as a framework for organizing treatment-specific nutrient responses and as candidates for further multi-year and multi-site testing, rather than as ready-to-apply fertilization prescriptions. Full article

Additive manufacturing enables ceramic–metal interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) with designed load paths, but their tribological performance is constrained by coupled infiltration, interfacial damage, and lubrication processes. This review critically evaluates these constraints through an architecture–infiltration–interface–performance framework. Unlike conventional particle-reinforced metal matrix composites, IPCs require both phases to form three-dimensionally continuous networks; successful infiltration additionally requires preservation of the ceramic skeleton, adequate filling of the intended metal channels, and interfaces capable of transferring load. The central mechanical trade-off is between ceramic load support and accommodation of incompatible phase deformation. Thermal-expansion mismatch (Δα) generates residual stresses during post-infiltration cooling, while cyclic frictional heating superimposes spatially nonuniform thermal stresses that can promote interfacial microcracking and delamination. Increasing ceramic content or refining load paths must therefore be assessed against the remaining metal-ligament capacity for plastic accommodation and crack bridging, rather than hardness alone. Lubrication introduces a second trade-off: sufficient lubricant delivery can shift sliding from direct asperity contact toward tribofilm-mediated shear, whereas excessive lubricant content or reservoir porosity can weaken structural continuity and increase wear despite low friction. Sustained protection requires lubricant supply and film formation to offset depletion and removal. Current evidence does not establish universal optimal phase fractions or topology rankings, because direct, matched tribological studies of printed and subsequently infiltrated IPCs remain scarce. Quantitative design therefore requires joint characterization of phase connectivity, infiltration defects, residual and cyclic thermal stresses, interfacial fracture resistance, and tribofilm persistence under specified contact conditions. Full article

Virtual commissioning of discrete assembly lines lacks a unified stage representation and an integrated verification mechanism for PLC control states, virtual execution results, and physical workpiece states, making it difficult to determine whether the control program drives the actual equipment according to the prescribed process sequence. To address this issue, a PLC–vision bilateral stage consistency verification method is proposed. Structured PLC control states are mapped to virtual actions in Unity, and execution-confirmed virtual execution stages are generated based on action-completion feedback. On the physical side, YOLO11 object detection is integrated with process-region mapping and temporal constraints to generate vision-derived physical-stage events. The virtual and physical stages are then compared using unified stage semantics to identify consistent operation, physical-state lag, physical-state lead, missing visual events, and invalid stage transitions. Experiments were conducted at a representative station of a discrete assembly line using a single workpiece and a fixed operating path. The visual-stage event recognition method achieved an F1-score of 98.33%, with an average event-generation latency of 104.21 ms. In 140 tests covering normal and controlled abnormal operating conditions, all system decisions agreed with the predefined condition labels. The proposed method extends conventional one-way verification of PLC-driven virtual models to bilateral verification between virtual execution results and physical workpiece states, thereby providing an effective technical approach for control-program commissioning and operating-state verification in discrete assembly lines. Full article

High-voltage oil-immersed transformers operating in windblown sand and alpine regions are exposed to multiple environmental and operational stresses that may affect their degradation and reliability. To address limitations associated with single-distribution lifetime modeling, independent component assumptions, static operating-condition corrections, and small-sample estimation, this study proposes a Bayesian Copula–mixture Weibull framework for reliability assessment and maintenance optimization. A three-component mixture Weibull model is used to represent multi-stage lifetime behavior, while a Gumbel Copula describes statistical dependence among component lifetime variables. A four-dimensional scenario-based operating-condition correction incorporates altitude, windblown sand, temperature, and load effects. Bayesian MCMC estimation is applied to small-sample, right-censored lifetime data, and an imperfect-maintenance age-reduction model is integrated with a reliability-constrained maintenance optimization formulation. On the common estimation dataset, the complete integrated model yields the highest in-sample R² and the lowest in-sample MAE and MSE among the compared model configurations; these metrics quantify goodness of fit and are not interpreted as evidence of out-of-sample predictive superiority. Under the prescribed severe operating-condition scenario, the corrected model exhibits substantially faster reliability decay than the uncorrected reference. Under the prescribed operating-condition, maintenance, reliability, and economic assumptions of the case study, the optimized differentiated maintenance strategy yields an approximately 24.5% lower accumulated cost over the specified 8-year reporting horizon than the fixed-interval strategy. This value represents a conditional scenario result rather than a population-level or full-lifecycle cost-saving estimate. These results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework for scenario-based reliability assessment and maintenance decision support under difficult operating conditions. Full article