Special Issue "Advances in Dental Biomaterials and Coatings"

Guest Editor
Prof. Dr. William A. Brantley
College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 3005L Postle Hall, 305 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Website: http://ctoc.osu.edu/faculty/brantley.php
E-Mail: brantley.1@osu.edu
Interests: structure-property relationships for high-palladium dental alloys; hydroxyapatite-coated titanium dental implants; orthodontic materials; thermal analysis of elastomeric dental materials; biological properties of dental materials; applications of materials science principles to the study of biomaterials; nickel-titanium alloys for orthodontics and endodontics; new biomedical titanium alloys; laser sintering and laser deposition of metallic dental materials; metal-ceramic bonding for dental applications

Dear Colleagues,

One of the most active areas of current research in dental biomaterials is the use of special coatings to impart properties that are not available with the underlying substrate materials. The traditional area of utilizing thin layers of dental ceramics bonded to alloy substrates to match the appearance of the underlying tooth structure for metal-ceramic restorations is evolving as new processing techniques and materials are being developed. A major current area with a very large number of published articles is the development of special coatings for dental implants that provide bioactive properties and improved osseointegration with the adjacent bone, yielding superior clinical performance. Exciting new processing techniques and the incorporation of biological species are being intensively pursued for coatings on these implants. Other recent dental materials research on coatings has been reported for orthodontic and restorative dentistry applications. The goal of this special issue is to present the major current areas of research and development in coatings for dental materials and to indicate future directions where research is needed, along with the presentation of relevant scientific principles. Opportunities abound for interdisciplinary work in coatings research that will yield much improved dental materials for future patient populations.

Prof. Dr. William A. Brantley
Guest Editor

Submission

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. Papers will be published continuously (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed Open Access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. For the first couple of issues the Article Processing Charge (APC) will be waived for well-prepared manuscripts. English correction and/or formatting fees of 250 CHF (Swiss Francs) will be charged in certain cases for those articles accepted for publication that require extensive additional formatting and/or English corrections.

• Dental materials
• CoatingsMetal-ceramic dental restorations
• Dental implants
• Biological activity
• Nanostructure materials
• Biomimetic materials
• Processing techniques

Manuscript ID: coatings-17624
Type of Paper: Article
Title: An Investigation into the Use of Cellulose Nanofibre Mats in the Production of an Aesthetic Orthodontic Bracket
Authors: S. A. Boyd, B. Su, J. R. Sandy and A. J. Ireland
Affiliation: School of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; E-Mail: tony.ireland@bristol.ac.uk (A.J.I.)
Abstract: Objectives: To produce a 3D mesh of defect free electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibres and use this to produce a prototype composite resin containing nanofibre fillers. Design and Setting: Laboratory based study. Materials and Methods:  Cellulose acetate was dissolved in an acetone and dimethylacetamide solvent solution and electrospun.  The spinning parameters were optimised, and lithium chloride added to the solution to produce a self supporting nanofibre mesh.  This mesh was then silane coated and infiltrated with either epoxy resin of an unfilled Bis GMA resin.  The flexural strength of the produced samples were then tested compared to unfilled resin samples. Results:  A 3D mesh of defect free nanofibres in the 280nm range were produced.  Resin infiltration of this mesh resulted in samples with a flexural strength less than that of the unfilled control samples.  Air inclusion during preparation and incomplete wetting of the nanofibre mesh was thought to cause this reduction in flexural strength. Conclusions: Cellulose acetate nanofibres can be successfuly electrospun in the 280nm range.  A 3D network of nanofibres may be produced by addition of lithium chloride.  Resin infiltration of this network failed to produce an improvement in the flexural strength of the prototype composite resin but shows promise as a filler in prefabricated resin products such as aesthetic orthodontic brackets, composite crowns and veneers.

Manuscript ID: coatings-18607
Type: Review
Title: Plants Products for Innovative Biomaterials in Dentistry
Author: Lia Rimondini and Elena Maria Varoni
Affiliation: Department of Medical Science, Piemonte Orientale University, A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy; E-Mail: lia.rimondini@med.unipmn.it; elena.varoni@med.unipmn.it
Abstract: Dental biomaterials and natural products represent two of the main growing research fields, revealing as plant-derived compounds may play a role not only as nutraceuticals in affecting oral health, but also in improving physico-chemical properties of biomaterial used in dentistry. Therefore, our aim was to collect all available data concerning the utilize of plant extracts, phenylpropanoids and essential oils (monoterpenic and sesquiterpenic isoprenoids) in enhancing performance of dental biomaterials. Although compelling evidences are suggestive of a great potential of natural products in promoting material-tissue/cell interface, to date, only few authors have investigated their use in development of innovative dental biomaterials. A small number of studies reported plant extract-based titanium implant coatings, toothpastes and periodontal regenerative materials. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first one to deal with this topic, highlighting a general lack of research findings and an interesting and fascinating field which still needs to be investigated.

Type of Paper: Review
Title: Non-permanent Tooth Coatings in Dental Care
Author: Sarah Upson, David Churchley, Eugen Barbu, Thomas G. Nevell and John Tsibouklis
Affiliations: Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; E-Mails: Sarah.Upson@port.ac.uk; david.r.churchley@gsk.com; Eugen.Barbu@port.ac.uk; Tom.Nevell@port.ac.uk; John.Tsibouklis@port.ac.uk
Abstract: In vitro and ex vivo experiments have shown that the application of non-permanent coatings to dental surfaces may confer a multitude of dental-care benefits, including resistance to bacterial adhesion, inhibition of staining, suppressed hydroxyapatite demineralisation and reduced dentinal permeability.  This paper reviews the scientific principles that rationalise the approach and identifies candidate materials for clinical evaluation.

Title: Protection and Reinforcement of Tooth Structures by Dental Coating Materials
Authors: Toru Nikaido¹, Rena Takahashi¹, Meu Ariyoshi¹, Alireza Sadr^1,2, Junji Tagami^1,2
1 Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
² Global Center of Excellence Program, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
Abstract: During cavity preparation for indirect restorations, sealing the exposed dentin with a resin coating has been proposed as a means to protect the tooth preparation. The resin coating is applied to the prepared cavity immediately after tooth preparation and before making an impression by assembling a dentin bonding system and a flowable composite. It has been reported that resin coatings minimized pulp irritation as well as improved the bond strength between resin cement and dentin. Recently, thin-film coating materials based on all in-one adhesive technology were introduced for resin coating of indirect restorations. The thin coating materials created a barrier-like film layer on the prepared dentin and played an important role in protecting the dentin from physical, chemical, and biological irritation. In addition, these thin-film coating materials reportedly improved the bond strength of resin cements to dentin, thereby preventing marginal leakage beneath inlays or crown restorations. In light of the many benefits provided by such a protective layer, these all-in-one adhesive materials may therefore also have the potential to cover exposed root dentin surfaces and prevent caries formation. In this paper, recent progress of the dental coating materials and their clinical applications are reviewed.

Type of Paper: Article
Title: Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Techniques in Dentistry
Authors: Yurdanur Ucar and Gozde Anıl Gurbuz
Affiliation: Çukurova University, College of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Adana, Turkey; E-Mail: ysanli@cu.edu.tr
Abstract: Purpose and Introduction: This review aims to evaluate and investigate the possible use of rapid prototyping and manufacturing techniques in dentistry. Direct laser metal fabrication which includes most populer systems like selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM), seems suitable for fabrication of crowns, inlays, removable prosthodontics and seems convenient in the field of maxillofacial and oral surgery (osseointegrated implant placement guides, maxillofacial prosthesis etc.). This promising technology is based on a mechanism that manufactures 3D physical objects from CAD models by deposition of metallic particles layer by layer. Binding between particles is established using a high power laser source. Although material options which can be used in rapid technologies vary in a wide range, it seems that research has majored on Ti, Co and Ni based alloys. The advantages and disadvantages of this new technique is evaluated in terms of literature. Design/methodology/approach: The existing literature and historical development of rapid manufaturing techniques has been reviewed using PubMed, MedLine and Google Scholar. Additionally, manual search was conducted on the reference list of the available manuscripts. Findings: Although benefits of rapid manufacturing techniques like reducing fabrication times with low-cost alloys seems advantageous and mechanical properties of the given alloys seems suitable for clinical usage, choosing the appropriate CAD system, software, RP technique and cost of the chosen production machine is still an issue to be investigated by researchers. Biocompatibility of the end parts which is fabricated via this technique is another concern and needs to be investigated before clinical applications. Researches in dental area are still limited. However, applications of rapid manufacturing techniques for dental field seem promising and may be alternative for conventional techniques.