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Nutrients, Volume 2, Issue 4 (April 2010) – 6 articles , Pages 408-481

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169 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Mach, J., et al. The Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Fatigue during Exercise: Potential Role for NAD+(H). Nutrients 2010, 2, 319-329
by John Mach, Adrian W. Midgley, Steve Dank, Ross S. Grant and David J. Bentley
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040481 - 13 Apr 2010
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 9904
Abstract
We have found an error in our manuscript published in Nutrients [...] Full article
359 KiB  
Review
Calcium Absorption in Infants and Small Children: Methods of Determination and Recent Findings
by Steven A. Abrams
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 474-480; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040474 - 06 Apr 2010
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 13759
Abstract
Determining calcium bioavailability is important in establishing dietary calcium requirements. In infants and small children, previously conducted mass balance studies have largely been replaced by stable isotope-based studies. The ability to assess calcium absorption using a relatively short 24-hour urine collection without the [...] Read more.
Determining calcium bioavailability is important in establishing dietary calcium requirements. In infants and small children, previously conducted mass balance studies have largely been replaced by stable isotope-based studies. The ability to assess calcium absorption using a relatively short 24-hour urine collection without the need for multiple blood samples or fecal collections is a major advantage to this technique. The results of these studies have demonstrated relatively small differences in calcium absorption efficiency between human milk and currently available cow milk-based infant formulas. In older children with a calcium intake typical of Western diets, calcium absorption is adequate to meet bone mineral accretion requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Calcium)
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267 KiB  
Review
Beneficial Effects of Probiotic and Food Borne Yeasts on Human Health
by Saloomeh Moslehi-Jenabian, Line Lindegaard and Lene Jespersen
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 449-473; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040449 - 01 Apr 2010
Cited by 168 | Viewed by 22296
Abstract
Besides being important in the fermentation of foods and beverages, yeasts have shown numerous beneficial effects on human health. Among these, probiotic effects are the most well known health effects including prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases and immunomodulatory effects. Other beneficial functions [...] Read more.
Besides being important in the fermentation of foods and beverages, yeasts have shown numerous beneficial effects on human health. Among these, probiotic effects are the most well known health effects including prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases and immunomodulatory effects. Other beneficial functions of yeasts are improvement of bioavailability of minerals through the hydrolysis of phytate, folate biofortification and detoxification of mycotoxins due to surface binding to the yeast cell wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food and Function 2009)
208 KiB  
Article
Capturing the Data: Nutrition Risk Screening of Adults in Hospital
by Elizabeth Frew, Robyn Cant and Jennifer Sequeira
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 438-448; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040438 - 01 Apr 2010
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 14806
Abstract
This study aims to explore limitations with the Malnutrition Screening Tool in identifying malnutrition risk, in a cohort of 3,033 adult Australian medical and surgical hospital inpatients. Seventy-two percent of patients were screened; illness and medical care limited access to others. Malnutrition risk [...] Read more.
This study aims to explore limitations with the Malnutrition Screening Tool in identifying malnutrition risk, in a cohort of 3,033 adult Australian medical and surgical hospital inpatients. Seventy-two percent of patients were screened; illness and medical care limited access to others. Malnutrition risk (16.5%; n = 501) was found in all age groups with a trend to higher risk in medical wards; 10% (n = 300) of patients with communication barriers were excluded. Systematic screening increased dietitians’ referrals by 39%. Further research is required to enable screening of all patients, including those with communication issues with an easy to use valid tool. Full article
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234 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease
by Vivian Cristina Garcia and Lígia Araújo Martini
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 426-437; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040426 - 31 Mar 2010
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 11532
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been observed worldwide at all stages of life. It has been characterized as a public health problem, since low concentrations of this vitamin have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Several studies have suggested that vitamin [...] Read more.
Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been observed worldwide at all stages of life. It has been characterized as a public health problem, since low concentrations of this vitamin have been linked to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. Several studies have suggested that vitamin D is involved in cardiovascular diseases and have provided evidence that it has a role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. It may be involved in regulation of gene expression through the presence of vitamin D receptors in various cells, regulation of blood pressure (through renin-angiotensin system), and modulation of cell growth and proliferation including vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Identifying correct mechanisms and relationships between vitamin D and such diseases could be important in relation to patient care and healthcare policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Vitamins)
248 KiB  
Review
Nonclassical Vitamin D Actions
by Armin Zittermann and Jan F. Gummert
Nutrients 2010, 2(4), 408-425; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2040408 - 25 Mar 2010
Cited by 94 | Viewed by 14830
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that vitamin D has a broad range of actions in the human body. Besides its well-known effects on calcium/phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D influences muscle function, cardiovascular homeostasis, nervous function, and the immune response. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been [...] Read more.
It is becoming increasingly clear that vitamin D has a broad range of actions in the human body. Besides its well-known effects on calcium/phosphate homeostasis, vitamin D influences muscle function, cardiovascular homeostasis, nervous function, and the immune response. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been associated with muscle weakness and a high incidence of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 and 2 diabetes. Most importantly, low vitamin D status has been found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. Several recent randomized controlled trials support the assumption that vitamin D can improve muscle strength, glucose homeostasis, and cardiovascular risk markers. In addition, vitamin D may reduce cancer incidence and elevated blood pressure. Since the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is high throughout the world, there is a need to improve vitamin D status in the general adult population. However, the currently recommended daily vitamin D intake of 5–15 µg is too low to achieve an adequate vitamin D status in individuals with only modest skin synthesis. Thus, there is a need to recommend a vitamin D intake that is effective for achieving adequate circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (>75 nmol/L). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Vitamins)
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