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Recent Articles  

37 pages, 522 KB  
Review
Ensuring Fish Safety Through Sustainable Aquaculture Practices
by Camila Carlino-Costa and Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo
Hygiene 2025, 5(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene5040051 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Sustainable aquaculture is increasingly vital to meet global protein demands while ensuring fish product safety and environmental stewardship from a One Health perspective. This review addresses fish hygiene as a comprehensive, multi-stage challenge encompassing water quality management, pathogen control, antimicrobial stewardship, feeding practices, [...] Read more.
Sustainable aquaculture is increasingly vital to meet global protein demands while ensuring fish product safety and environmental stewardship from a One Health perspective. This review addresses fish hygiene as a comprehensive, multi-stage challenge encompassing water quality management, pathogen control, antimicrobial stewardship, feeding practices, humane slaughter, post-harvest handling, and monitoring systems. We examined current practices and technologies that promote hygienic standards and reduce contamination risks across production cycles. The integration of biosecurity measures and alternative health-promoting agents contributes to disease prevention and reduces reliance on antimicrobials. Responsible drug administration aligned with regulatory frameworks minimizes residues and antimicrobial resistance. Feeding strategies incorporating sustainable and safe ingredients further support fish health and product quality. Critical control points during slaughter and post-harvest processing ensure microbial safety and prolong shelf life. Advanced monitoring and traceability systems enable real-time oversight and enhance food safety assurance. Finally, certification programs and robust regulatory policies are essential to standardize practices and facilitate access to international markets. Collectively, these strategies foster sustainable aquaculture that safeguards public health, maintains ecological integrity, and supports economic viability. This holistic approach positions fish hygiene not as a final quality check, but as an integral, continuously managed component of responsible aquaculture production. Full article
19 pages, 2140 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Dodonaea viscosa Extract and Its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticle Formulation on the Growth of Fusarium Strains and the Production of Deoxynivalenol and Moniliformin in Stored Wheat
by Hussein Ali Salman Alsahho, Sumer Horuz and Kevser Karaman
Toxins 2025, 17(11), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17110551 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Fusarium is considered one of the most important fungi that attack plants and cause serious diseases resulting in huge losses to crops, especially wheat. Fungicides have been used to control it, but they have drawbacks, including residues and toxicity to mammals, which encouraged [...] Read more.
Fusarium is considered one of the most important fungi that attack plants and cause serious diseases resulting in huge losses to crops, especially wheat. Fungicides have been used to control it, but they have drawbacks, including residues and toxicity to mammals, which encouraged researchers to find alternatives to these methods and materials. This study was conducted to find natural alternatives to the chemicals used as fungicides. The Dodonaea viscosa plant extract was evaluated as an extract (DVE) and nanoparticles (chitosan NPs loaded with DVE) to inhibit the growth of Fusarium spp. strains and production ability of Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Moniliformin (MON) mycotoxins. The wheat samples were taken from storage in eighteen different governorates in Iraq. Fusarium spp. strains were detected phenotypically, and seven strains were identified by using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) as F. oxysporum, F. pseudograminearum and F. chlamydosporum. DVE effectively inhibited the growth of Fusarium spp. strains at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) on PDA. The highest percentage was 68.94% for F. oxysporum strain 5, and the lowest percentage was 22.58% for F. pseudograminearum strain 6 at a concentration of 1.5%. However, applying chitosan NPs loaded with DVE at a concentration of 0.75% effectively increased the inhibition rate. The treatment of chitosan NPs loaded with DVE played a role in inhibiting the percentage of mycotoxins produced. The highest percentage of inhibition of the DON toxin was recorded as 73.75% in Fusarium pseudograminearum strain 2, and the highest percentage of inhibition of the production of the (MON) toxin was 73.62% in isolate Fusarium chlamydosporum strain 8. Overall, this study highlights for the first time the potential of Dodonaea viscosa nano-formulation to suppress both fungal growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis, providing a sustainable and safe strategy for protecting stored grains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Detection and Removal of Mycotoxins in Food)
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24 pages, 508 KB  
Article
R&D Investment, Skill-Based Wage Gap, and Firm Innovation Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies
by He Tong, Saizal Pinjaman and Debbra Toria Nipo
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(11), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18110619 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Against China’s innovation-driven strategy, this study explores the impact of R&D investment on firm innovation performance and the mediating role of the wage gap between high- and low-skilled labor (HLWG) using data from Chinese A-share non-financial listed firms spanning 2010–2022. Employing static panel [...] Read more.
Against China’s innovation-driven strategy, this study explores the impact of R&D investment on firm innovation performance and the mediating role of the wage gap between high- and low-skilled labor (HLWG) using data from Chinese A-share non-financial listed firms spanning 2010–2022. Employing static panel regression, Bootstrap test, and instrumental variables (R&D investment deduction, college enrollment expansion), the study finds three key results. First, R&D investment positively affects both firm innovation performance and HLWG. Second, HLWG exerts a positive impact on firm innovation performance. Third, HLWG plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between R&D investment and firm innovation performance. Robustness tests and instrumental variable regression confirm the stability of these conclusions. This finding enriches the theoretical understanding of the R&D-innovation transmission mechanism, offers insights into enterprises to coordinate R&D investment and wage structure optimization, and provides policy references for refining innovation incentives and labor market policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Business and Entrepreneurship)
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23 pages, 1550 KB  
Article
Kinetics and Isotherm Study of Ceftriaxone Removal Using Functionalized Biochar Combined with Photocatalysis
by Luísa Cruz-Lopes, Rodrigo Araújo, Ana Rita Lopes, Samuel Moles, Francisca Romero-Sarria and Bruno Esteves
Molecules 2025, 30(21), 4291; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30214291 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
The increasing presence of antibiotics such as cephalosporins in wastewater represents a significant environmental risk. These compounds are excreted in large quantities, and conventional wastewater treatment plants are often ineffective at their removal. Consequently, the development of more sustainable and efficient treatment technologies [...] Read more.
The increasing presence of antibiotics such as cephalosporins in wastewater represents a significant environmental risk. These compounds are excreted in large quantities, and conventional wastewater treatment plants are often ineffective at their removal. Consequently, the development of more sustainable and efficient treatment technologies is essential. In this study, the removal of cephalosporins from aqueous solutions was evaluated through adsorption using pine bark biochar, photocatalysis with TiO2, and a combination of both processes. Kinetic experiments were conducted with cephalosporin solutions (15 mg/L), employing 150 mg/L of biochar, 100 mg/L TiO2, or their combination, under continuous stirring and/or UV-vis irradiation. Samples were collected at 0 and 120 min and analyzed via UV-vis spectrophotometry. Adsorption isotherms were established for initial cephalosporin concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L. The biochar alone achieved a removal efficiency of 94.2% after 120 min. Photocatalysis with TiO2 alone resulted in 75% removal, while the combined approach reached 95.9%, indicating a synergistic effect between adsorption and photodegradation mechanisms. Kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best correlation, suggesting monolayer adsorption. These findings demonstrate that pine bark biochar, whether used independently or in combination with TiO2, constitutes an eco-friendly, effective, and low-cost alternative for the removal of antibiotics from wastewater, while simultaneously contributing to the valorization of forestry residues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural-Based Sorbents for Water Remediation)
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11 pages, 2059 KB  
Article
Efficient Photocathode of an Ultrathin Organic p-n Bilayer Comprising p-Type Zinc Phthalocyanine and n-Type Fullerene for Hydrogen Peroxide Production
by Yuika Sakaguchi, Kosuke Ikezoi and Toshiyuki Abe
Physchem 2025, 5(4), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem5040049 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clean and environmentally friendly oxidant. At present, as an alternative to the conventional industrial procedure, namely, the anthraquinone method, a clean H2O2 production method is desired. The construction of an artificial [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clean and environmentally friendly oxidant. At present, as an alternative to the conventional industrial procedure, namely, the anthraquinone method, a clean H2O2 production method is desired. The construction of an artificial photosynthetic system in which H2O2 can ideally be prepared from water and dioxygen (O2) is a promising approach. In such a system, an organic p-n bilayer comprising zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, p-type) and fullerene (C60, n-type) acts as a photocathode capable of O2 reduction to H2O2, where loading gold (Au) onto the C60 surface is necessary to achieve the corresponding reaction. However, the enhancement of the photocathodic activity of the organic p-n bilayer for H2O2 formation remains a critical issue. In this study, the effect of the thickness of an organo-bilayer (organo-photocathode) on photocathodic activity for H2O2 production was investigated. When both ZnPc and C60 were thin (approximately 10 nm each in thickness), the photocathodic activity of the ZnPc/C60 organo-photocathode was approximately 3.4 times greater than that of the thick ZnPc/C60 bilayer (i.e., ZnPc = ca. 70 nm and C60 = ca. 120 nm). The thin ZnPc/C60 bilayer exhibited a built-in potential at the p-n interface, where efficient charge separation occurs, resulting in a high concentration of electrons available for O2 reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Photophysics, Photochemistry and Photobiology)
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35 pages, 4618 KB  
Article
Phyto-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Raphanus sativus (L.): Metabolomic Insights, Gastroprotective Potential, and Docking-Supported Evidence
by Doaa K. Alsayed, Seham S. El-Hawary, Mohamed A. El Raey, Gihan Fouad, Mohamed F. Abdelhameed, Ahmed F. Essa, Yasmine H. Ahmed, Saad A. Alshehri, Mohamed A. Rabeh and Amira K. Elmotayam
Life 2025, 15(11), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15111710 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via a green sustainable approach using Raphanus sativus (L.) root extract and evaluate their gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. ZnO-NPs were characterized through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via a green sustainable approach using Raphanus sativus (L.) root extract and evaluate their gastroprotective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. ZnO-NPs were characterized through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and XRD. LC- MS-coupled metabolic profiling was employed to identify different phytochemical compounds in the plant. Oxidative stress biomarkers (GSSG, GPX, and CAT), gastric secretions (gastrin and histamine), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and NF-κB), and molecular markers (MMP-10 and pERK1/2) were evaluated. Treatment with ZnO-NPs and plant extract restored antioxidant enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner and decreased oxidative and inflammatory markers. Histopathological and histochemical analyses confirmed the protection of the gastric mucosa. The ZnO-NPs at (200 mg/kg), showed superior efficacy over the extract and, in some cases, displayed equivalent or enhanced effects relative to the reference drug omeprazole. In silico findings support the gastroprotective potential of the plant by demonstrating strong binding associations for major phytochemicals. This paper highlights that green-synthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit a significant gastroprotective effect through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, indicating their promise as a safe and effective alternative treatment for gastric ulcers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Medicine: Unraveling the Medicinal Effects of Plant Extracts and Functional Foods)
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7 pages, 157 KB  
Editorial
Smart Land Use Planning: Hotspots and Prospects
by Xufeng Cui, Huakun Huo, Fei Li, Walter Timo de Vries and Basanta Paudel
Land 2025, 14(11), 2193; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14112193 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Land use planning is a crucial tool for achieving the optimal allocation of land resources [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Land Use Planning II)
16 pages, 662 KB  
Article
Bioactivity and in Silico Insights of Collagen-Derived Peptides from Jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) Mesoglea
by Blanca del Sol Villalba-Urquidy, Wilfrido Torres-Arreola, Isabel Medina, Laura Estefany Hernández-Aguirre, Jesús Enrique Chan-Higuera and Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer
Mar. Drugs 2025, 23(11), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/md23110427 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Jellyfish, a promising source of bioactive compounds, has attracted the attention of the biotechnology sector. This research explored the antioxidant and antimutagenic properties and the genotoxicity of peptides derived from blue cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) collagen hydrolysates (JCH) as potential food [...] Read more.
Jellyfish, a promising source of bioactive compounds, has attracted the attention of the biotechnology sector. This research explored the antioxidant and antimutagenic properties and the genotoxicity of peptides derived from blue cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) collagen hydrolysates (JCH) as potential food supplements. Firstly, JCH was fractionated into three parts based on molecular weight. Notably, the low-molecular-weight hydrolyzed fraction (<3 kDa) exhibited the highest bioactivity, with ABTS scavenging activity of 8993 ± 5.2 μmol TE/g and an antimutagenic inhibition rate against AFB1 of 88%. This fraction remained non-genotoxic at 100 ppm, suggesting its suitability for potential applications without evidence of genotoxic damage. In addition, in silico analysis revealed 15 unique peptides in Stomolophus sp. 2 collagen hydrolysates, ten of which showed particularly promising bioactive potential. Peptides from Stomolophus sp. 2 with molecular weights under 3 kDa exhibit remarkable bioactivity and hold great promise for future research on molecular characterization and bioactive food supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Bioactive Substances: From By-Products to Innovative Applications)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 2526 KB  
Article
Optimization of Process Parameters for Minimum Kerf Taper Angle and Surface Roughness in the Abrasive Water Jet Machining of a Hybrid Composite
by Sathvik M. Bekal, Anupama Hiremath, Murthy B. R. N., Suhas K., Harisha S. R., Gurumurthy B. M. and Gowri Shakar M. C.
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(11), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9110604 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
In the present experiment, the abrasive water jet machining parameters, such as water pressure, standoff distance, and traverse speed, are selected to study the effect of each parameter on the kerf taper angle and surface roughness during the machining of glass, jute, and [...] Read more.
In the present experiment, the abrasive water jet machining parameters, such as water pressure, standoff distance, and traverse speed, are selected to study the effect of each parameter on the kerf taper angle and surface roughness during the machining of glass, jute, and carbon hybrid composite. The other machining parameters are kept constant. For each parameter, three levels are fixed on the basis of previous literature reviews. The Response Surface Methodology is used to design the required number of experiments and to optimize the machining parameters to obtain the minimum kerf taper angle and surface roughness. The levels selected for water pressure are 150, 220, and 250 MPa; traverse speeds are 20, 40, and 60 mm/min; and, similarly, stand-off distances are 2, 5, and 8 mm. Experimental results confirm that the parameter inversely affects both kerf angle and surface roughness. On the other hand, parameters traverse speed and stand-off distance, directly affecting both outputs. According to RSM optimization, to obtain the minimum kerf taper angle and surface roughness, we should fix the pressure at a higher level and other parameters at a lower level. For the considered range, the obtained minimum kerf angle and roughness values are 1.4982 radians and 2.0920 μm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Composites Manufacturing and Processing)
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22 pages, 574 KB  
Article
Resource Allocation and Energy Harvesting in UAV-Assisted Full-Duplex Cooperative NOMA Systems
by Turki Essa Alharbi
Mathematics 2025, 13(21), 3544; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13213544 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising technology for future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. They are airborne vehicles that act either as as flying relays or base stations (BS) to provide the line-of-sight (LOS) transmission, enable wide-area coverage, and increase the spectral efficiency. [...] Read more.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising technology for future sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. They are airborne vehicles that act either as as flying relays or base stations (BS) to provide the line-of-sight (LOS) transmission, enable wide-area coverage, and increase the spectral efficiency. In this work, a UAV is employed to forward information from the BS to distant users using a decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. The BS serves ground users through UAV by employing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The UAV relay will be wirelessly powered and harvests energy from the BS by applying a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique. To further improve overall performance, the near user will act as a full-duplex (FD) relay to forward the far user’s information by applying cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA). The proposed scheme considers a practical detection order using a feasible successive interference cancellation (SIC) operation. Additionally, a relay power control method is introduced for the near user to guarantee a reliable cooperative link. In the proposed scheme, a low-complexity closed-form power allocation is derived to maximize the minimum achievable rate. Numerical results demonstrate that the power allocation scheme significantly improves the far user’s rate performance, and the proposed scheme guarantees a higher target rate and outperforms the conventional NOMA, half-duplex (HD) C-NOMA, and FD C-NOMA with fixed power allocation (FPA) and fractional transmit power allocation (FTPA) schemes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Methods in Wireless Communication)
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9 pages, 9052 KB  
Case Report
Surgical Management of a Maxillary Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Clinical Case Report
by Ioan Sîrbu, Ionut Cosmin Nisipasu, Pasquale Savino, Andreea Mihaela Custura, Elisei Adelin Radu, Vladimir Nastasie and Valentin Daniel Sîrbu
Dent. J. 2025, 13(11), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13110514 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a locally aggressive cystic lesion derived from remnants of the dental lamina. It is most commonly located in the posterior mandible, while maxillary involvement is rare and poses diagnostic and surgical challenges due to its proximity to [...] Read more.
Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a locally aggressive cystic lesion derived from remnants of the dental lamina. It is most commonly located in the posterior mandible, while maxillary involvement is rare and poses diagnostic and surgical challenges due to its proximity to critical anatomical structures. This case report describes the surgical management of a maxillary OKC with an uncommon localisation. Methods: A 50-year-old male presented with an asymptomatic swelling in the posterior maxilla. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency extending toward the maxillary sinus floor. Surgical management included complete enucleation and peripheral curettage, followed by histopathological confirmation. The defect was left to heal naturally through bone regeneration without the need for grafting. Results: Intraoperatively, a thin pearly white cystic capsule and buccal cortical thinning were observed, consistent with OKC. The lesion was enucleated intact, without rupture or sinus perforation. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. Postoperative healing was uneventful, with radiographic follow-up at one month showing favourable healing changes. Conclusions: Careful surgical planning combined with advanced imaging facilitates safe and effective management of OKCs in uncommon maxillary sites. Enucleation with peripheral curettage provided satisfactory short-term outcomes. Long-term follow-up remains essential due to the risk of recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)
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11 pages, 17113 KB  
Article
Two New Species of Mesochorista (Insecta, Mecoptera, Permochoristidae) from the Guadalupian Yinping Formation of Chaohu, Eastern China
by Xinneng Lian, Chenyang Cai, Zhuo Feng and Diying Huang
Insects 2025, 16(11), 1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16111130 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Permochoristidae is a megadiverse mecopteran group that has mainly been reported from Russia and Australia, whereas records from China remain scarce. In this report, two new species of Mesochorista are described and illustrated from the Guadalupian Yinping Formation, Eastern China. Mesochorista tillyardi Lian [...] Read more.
Permochoristidae is a megadiverse mecopteran group that has mainly been reported from Russia and Australia, whereas records from China remain scarce. In this report, two new species of Mesochorista are described and illustrated from the Guadalupian Yinping Formation, Eastern China. Mesochorista tillyardi Lian and Huang, sp. nov. is characterized by the forewing covered with dense oval spots, and Sc1 closely approximal to R1 and connected by a short sc-r crossvein. Mesochorista yinpingensis Lian and Huang, sp. nov. is characterized by the forewing covered with dense irregularly colored patches, Sc1 devoid of expanded area, and M with only five branches. Based on a detailed discussion of the type species and other co-occurring species of Mesochorista and Permochorista, in light of the new insights into Sc3, we support that Permochorista is a junior synonym of Mesochorista. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fossil Insects: Diversity and Evolutionary History)
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15 pages, 4793 KB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification of DnaJ Gene Family and VIGS Analysis Reveal the Function of GhDnaJ316 in Floral Development for Upland Cotton
by Ting-Ting Zhang, Xue-Feng Guo, Dan-Dan Li, Yun Jia, Chen-Hui Wang, Yu-Nuo Fan, Cai-Xiang Wang and Jun-Ji Su
Plants 2025, 14(21), 3380; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14213380 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
DnaJ proteins are established regulators of multiple physiological processes in plants, but their systematic identification and functional characterization in cotton remains largely uncharacterized, particularly regarding their roles in floral developmental regulation. In this study, based on genome-wide analysis of Gossypium hirsutum L., 372 [...] Read more.
DnaJ proteins are established regulators of multiple physiological processes in plants, but their systematic identification and functional characterization in cotton remains largely uncharacterized, particularly regarding their roles in floral developmental regulation. In this study, based on genome-wide analysis of Gossypium hirsutum L., 372 DnaJ genes were systematically identified and phylogenetically classified into four distinct clades (I–IV). These genes exhibited non-uniform chromosomal distribution. Structural analysis revealed clade-specific variations in intron numbers and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element profiling indicated the roles of DnaJs in modulating biosynthetic and metabolic regulation during both vegetative and reproductive development in cotton. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted tissue-specific expression patterns, with GhDnaJ316 showing preferential expression in anthers and filaments. Functional validation via VIGS-mediated silencing confirmed GhDnaJ316 as a negative regulator of floral transition, accelerating budding by 7.7 days and flowering by 9.7 days in silenced plants. This study elucidates the genomic architecture of GhDnaJs, demonstrates GhDnaJ316’s critical role in floral development and provides insights for molecular breeding in early-maturing cotton. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Development and Morphogenesis)
18 pages, 920 KB  
Article
Equation of State for Hyperonic Neutron-Star Matter in SU(3) Flavor Symmetry
by Tsuyoshi Miyatsu, Myung-Ki Cheoun, Kyungsik Kim and Koichi Saito
Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 1872; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111872 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Using a relativistic mean-field model calibrated to finite-nucleus observables and bulk properties of dense nuclear matter, we investigate hyperonic neutron-star matter within an SU(3) flavor symmetry scheme. To retain SU(6)-based couplings within SU(3) flavor symmetry, we introduce a quartic ϕ self-interaction and ϕ [...] Read more.
Using a relativistic mean-field model calibrated to finite-nucleus observables and bulk properties of dense nuclear matter, we investigate hyperonic neutron-star matter within an SU(3) flavor symmetry scheme. To retain SU(6)-based couplings within SU(3) flavor symmetry, we introduce a quartic ϕ self-interaction and ϕ-ρ mixing. We demonstrate the roles of αv (F/(F+D) ratio), θv (mixing angle), and zv (singlet-to-octet coupling ratio) in SU(3)-invariant vector-meson couplings. It is found that zv predominantly controls the maximum mass of a neutron star, and 2M⊙ neutron stars can be supported for zv≤0.15. The αv also helps sustain large masses, whereas θv has a smaller effect on neutron-star properties. This SU(3) framework reconciles nuclear and astrophysical constraints and offers a plausible resolution of the hyperon puzzle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chiral Symmetry, and Restoration in Nuclear Dense Matter)
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12 pages, 216 KB  
Article
Implementation of an Early Mobility Initiative in a Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Unit
by Anne Swanson, Kylie James, Kimberly Fan, Akshay Sharma, Xiaomeng Yuan, Haitao Pan, Gabriela Maron, Hana Hakim and Saad Ghafoor
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(6), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17060119 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Children who have received hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) often face complex clinical courses and complications that increase their risk of functional impairments. Because of this, pediatric HCT recipients may benefit from early mobilization efforts to reduce long-term functional issues. However, early ambulation [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Children who have received hematopoietic cell transplants (HCTs) often face complex clinical courses and complications that increase their risk of functional impairments. Because of this, pediatric HCT recipients may benefit from early mobilization efforts to reduce long-term functional issues. However, early ambulation can be limited by clinical complexity and concerns about infectious transmission in HCT patients. Some patients are under contact precautions due to colonization with bacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes. Our goal was to significantly increase ambulation in pediatric HCT recipients at our institution within three months of the intervention. We aimed to raise the number of ambulation events per day, the number of physical therapy (PT) visits per week, and the distance patients walked with PT per session. Methods: From January to October 2022, data on mobilization, demographics, and clinical characteristics were retrospectively collected from electronic health records. Starting in June 2022, we permitted ESBL-colonized patients to leave their rooms while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and we trained clinical staff about this in our QI initiative. Results: In Group 1, the ambulation rate was 1.36 times higher before the intervention than after, with an effect size of 0.3042 (p = 0.004 *). The ambulation rate in Group 2, admitted before the intervention, was 1.33 times higher than in Group 3, admitted after the intervention, with an effect size of 0.2856 (p = 0.016 *). Conclusions: The initiative did not increase ambulation among the targeted group. Patients ambulated more before the intervention, though these results lack statistical power. The lack of success of the intervention may be due to various factors, including the short monitoring period, retrospective data collection, difficulties with PPE use among young patients, and uncollected confounding variables related to clinical status. Full article
28 pages, 2397 KB  
Review
Astatine-211-Labeled Therapy Targeting Amino Acid Transporters: Overcoming Drug Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Sifan Feng, Kentaro Hisada, Haruna Yorifuji, Yoshifumi Shirakami and Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10736; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110736 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, with therapeutic resistance posing the primary barrier to durable outcomes. Beyond genetic and epigenetic alterations, amino acid transporter-driven metabolic reprogramming—mediated by LAT1 (SLC7A5), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and xCT (SLC7A11)—supports tumor proliferation, redox [...] Read more.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, with therapeutic resistance posing the primary barrier to durable outcomes. Beyond genetic and epigenetic alterations, amino acid transporter-driven metabolic reprogramming—mediated by LAT1 (SLC7A5), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and xCT (SLC7A11)—supports tumor proliferation, redox homeostasis, and immune escape. Their preferential expression in NSCLC highlights their potential as therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. In parallel, α-particle therapy has gained attention for its capacity to eradicate resistant clones through densely clustered, irreparable DNA double-strand breaks. Astatine-211 (211At) combines a clinically relevant half-life, high linear energy transfer, and predictable decay scheme, positioning it as a unique candidate among α-emitters. Preclinical studies of 211At-labeled transporter ligands, particularly LAT1-targeted conjugates, demonstrate potent tumor suppression and synergy with targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and ferroptosis inducers. Advances in radiochemistry, delivery systems (antibodies, peptides, and nanocarriers), and PET tracers such as [18F]FAMT and [18F]FSPG collectively support a theranostic framework for patient stratification and adaptive dosing. By linking transporter biology with α-particle delivery, 211At-based theranostics offer a mechanistically orthogonal strategy to overcome resistance and heterogeneity in NSCLC. Successful translation will depend on precise dosimetry, scaffold stabilization, and biomarker-guided trial design, enabling progression toward first-in-human studies and future integration into multimodal NSCLC therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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12 pages, 752 KB  
Communication
Teclistamab Dosing Strategies in Relapsed/Refractory Myeloma: A Real-World Comparison of Weekly and Biweekly Versus Fixed Intervals
by Jordan Snyder, Shebli Atrash, Barry Paul, Abdullah Mohammad Khan, Alma Habib, Hira Shaikh, Christopher Strouse, Omar Alkharabsheh, Anita Mazloom, Nausheen Ahmed, Zahra Mahmoudjafari, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq, Anas Zayad, Joseph McGuirk, Yun Kyoung Tiger, Mansi R. Shah and Al-Ola Abdallah
Cancers 2025, 17(21), 3569; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17213569 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Teclistamab is a bispecific antibody targeting BCMA and CD3, approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. It is administered continuously until progression or intolerance; however, prolonged use may increase infections and treatment burden. This study compares continuous versus fixed-duration teclistamab to determine whether treatment [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Teclistamab is a bispecific antibody targeting BCMA and CD3, approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. It is administered continuously until progression or intolerance; however, prolonged use may increase infections and treatment burden. This study compares continuous versus fixed-duration teclistamab to determine whether treatment discontinuation after response is feasible without compromising outcomes. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted on adults with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma treated with teclistamab between August 2022 and May 2024. Patients received step-up dosing followed by weekly administration. Those who achieved ≥VGPR and discontinued therapy due to deep response, toxicity, or preference were assigned to the fixed-duration group. Outcomes included response rates, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Results: Eighty-eight patients were included (continuous: n = 72; fixed: n = 16). The fixed group had higher complete response rates (69% vs. 44%) and shorter median time to best response (1 vs. 2 months). Median PFS was 16 months for continuous dosing versus 13 months for fixed-duration. Twelve-month PFS was similar (65% vs. 66%). Twelve-month OS was 83% vs. 81% in the continuous and fixed groups, respectively. Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity rates were similar. Infections were more frequent and severe in the fixed cohort (75% any grade; 69% grade ≥ 3). Conclusions: Fixed-duration teclistamab after deep response appears feasible in appropriately selected patients, with comparable early survival outcomes to continuous treatment. Prospective studies are needed to define selection criteria, immune recovery markers, and optimal discontinuation timing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Drug Development)
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25 pages, 3703 KB  
Article
Effect of Individual Selection Silvicultural Treatment on the Vertical Structure of a Pine-Oak Forest in Northern Mexico
by Joel Rascón-Solano, Samuel Alberto García-García, Rufino Sandoval-García, Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez, Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Patricia Uranga-Valencia, Oscar Aguirre-Calderón, Gerónimo Quiñonez-Barraza, Juan Abel Nájera-Luna, Benedicto Vargas-Larreta and Francisco Hernández
Ecologies 2025, 6(4), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies6040074 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics of temperate forests is essential for their sustainable management. This study assessed the vertical structure of a mixed temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, under an individual selection cutting regime implemented in 2012 and 2022. Nine Permanent [...] Read more.
Understanding the structural dynamics of temperate forests is essential for their sustainable management. This study assessed the vertical structure of a mixed temperate forest in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, under an individual selection cutting regime implemented in 2012 and 2022. Nine Permanent Silvicultural Research Sites were established, and measurements were carried out in 2012, 2022, and 2023 to record tree species, height, and crown cover. The analyses describe dendrometric variables, structural verticality indices and the Pretzsch index; regression models were fitted and Kruskal–Wallis tests performed. The results revealed a multistratified forest: Pinus durangensis dominates the upper canopy, while broadleaved species concentrate in the lower layers, enriching the understorey. Following silvicultural interventions, structural reorganisation was evident, with an increase in emergent individuals in the canopy and stability in crown-cover frequencies. A slight increase in pine and oak cover was detected, together with the presence of new tree species characteristic of the region. Taken together, the findings indicate that planned individual-selection cutting can maintain the stand’s original vertical structure and the functionality of the mixed temperate forest in northern Mexico, providing an analytical approach applicable to other comparable forest regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Conservation at the Crossroads: Forest Ecology, Wildlife Dynamics, and Emerging Challenges for Ecosystem Resilience)
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18 pages, 3312 KB  
Article
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Air Pollutants and the Universal Thermal Climate Index in 370 Chinese Cities
by Kaiqi Huang, Linlin Zhang, Qingyan Meng, Allam Mona, Jing Pan, Shize Chen, Xuewen Lei and Mengqi Sun
Atmosphere 2025, 16(11), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16111263 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Outdoor thermal comfort is a critical determinant of urban livability and public health, particularly in the face of the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. While meteorological variables are well-established drivers of thermal stress, the influence of ambient air pollution on [...] Read more.
Outdoor thermal comfort is a critical determinant of urban livability and public health, particularly in the face of the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. While meteorological variables are well-established drivers of thermal stress, the influence of ambient air pollution on human thermal perception remains poorly understood and largely overlooked in urban climate research. To address this gap, this study investigates the multidimensional effects of six major air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) across 370 Chinese cities from 2020 to 2024. Using integrated spatiotemporal analysis, we found significant seasonal, diurnal, and climatic heterogeneity in pollutant–UTCI interactions. Our findings reveal that O3 and PM10 amplify thermal stress during summer daytime through photochemical heating and radiative forcing, whereas PM2.5 and CO reduce nocturnal heat loss in winter by trapping long-wave radiation, effectively acting as thermal insulators. These effects are further modulated by local climate: arid regions (e.g., Lanzhou) experience exacerbated O3-driven heat stress, while cold zones (e.g., Harbin) benefit from particulate-induced warming in winter. Meteorological factors serve as dual regulators; temperature and solar radiation directly elevate the UTCI, while wind and humidity govern pollutant dispersion and thus indirectly shape thermal comfort. This study not only advances the scientific understanding of air pollution’s role in urban thermal environments but also provides actionable, data-driven insights for climate-resilient urban planning, public health interventions, and integrated environmental policies that jointly address air quality and thermal comfort in rapidly urbanizing regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Air Quality)
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29 pages, 1800 KB  
Review
Machine Learning, Physiological Signals, and Emotional Stress/Anxiety: Pitfalls and Challenges
by Yu Liu, María-Itatí Palacio, Taha Bikki, Cesar Toledo, Yu Ouyang, Zhongzheng Li, Zhengyi Wang, Francisco Toledo, Hong Zeng and María-Trinidad Herrero
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(21), 11777; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111777 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Anxiety and emotional stress are pervasive psychological challenges that profoundly impact human health in today’s fast-paced society. Traditional assessment methods, such as self-reports and clinical interviews, often suffer from subjective biases and lack the capability for objective, real-time evaluation of mental states. However, [...] Read more.
Anxiety and emotional stress are pervasive psychological challenges that profoundly impact human health in today’s fast-paced society. Traditional assessment methods, such as self-reports and clinical interviews, often suffer from subjective biases and lack the capability for objective, real-time evaluation of mental states. However, the integration of physiological signals—including electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate (HR), electrodermal activity (EDA), and eye movements—with advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, offers a promising approach to automate and objectify mental health assessments. A systematic review was conducted to explore recent advances in the early detection of anxiety and stress by combining physiological signals and ML methods. To assess methodological quality, a specific analysis framework was designed for the 113 studies included, which identified significant deficiencies in the literature. This highlights the urgent need to adopt standardized reporting guidelines in this field. The role of these technologies in feature extraction, classification, and predictive modeling was analyzed, also addressing critical challenges related to data quality, model interpretability, and the influence of intersectional factors like gender and age. Ethical and privacy considerations in the current research were also included. Finally, potential avenues for future research were summarized, highlighting the potential of ML technologies for early detection and proactive intervention in mental disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications of Complex Data Analysis and Computing)
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11 pages, 876 KB  
Article
Antifouling Lipids from Marine Fungi of the Beibu Gulf
by Mengfan Qi, Wang Jiang, Huaqing Huang, Lu Lu, Zhiwei Su, Xiaowei Luo, Chenghai Gao, Yonghong Liu and Xinya Xu
Metabolites 2025, 15(11), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15110721 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background: The search for environmentally friendly antifouling agents has led to an increased focus on marine natural products. Methods: This study investigated the antifouling potential of lipid fractions extracted from ten marine fungal strains isolated from the Beibu Gulf, China. The [...] Read more.
Background: The search for environmentally friendly antifouling agents has led to an increased focus on marine natural products. Methods: This study investigated the antifouling potential of lipid fractions extracted from ten marine fungal strains isolated from the Beibu Gulf, China. The lipids were evaluated through a multi-level bioassay approach, including the inhibition of microfouling (against four fouling bacteria: Marinobacterium jannaschii, Vibrio pelagius, Vibrio rotiferianus, and Alteromonas macleodii), the prevention of macrofouling (inhibition of barnacle Amphibalanus reticulatus cyprid settlement), and long-term (90-day) marine field trials. Results: Eight lipid fractions demonstrated inhibitory effects against at least one bacterial strain. Five lipids significantly inhibited barnacle cyprid settlement, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values ranging from 0.21 to 1.81 µg/mL and exhibited low toxicity (half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) > 50 µg/mL). Notably, four lipid fractions maintained potent antifouling efficacy (>70% inhibition) throughout the 90-day field exposure. Chemical characterization via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed that the bioactive fractions were predominantly composed of fatty acids and their derivatives. Major identified compounds included palmitic acid, methyl palmitate, linoleic acid, dodecyl-9-ynyl chloroacetate, cis-13-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid, methyl 11,14-octadecadienoate, and (E)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Conclusions: This work represents the first comprehensive investigation of marine fungal lipids from the Beibu Gulf with multi-target antifouling properties, providing a theoretical foundation and practical candidate compounds for developing eco-friendly antifouling coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Marine Macro- and Microorganisms)
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29 pages, 1699 KB  
Article
Multi-Agent-Based Coordinated Voltage Regulation Technique in an Unbalanced Distribution System
by Swathi Tangi, Dattatraya N. Gaonkar, Ramakrishna S S Nuvvula, Ahmed Ali and Syed Riyaz Ahammed
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5829; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215829 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Unbalanced active distribution networks must be carefully analyzed to minimize undesirable implications from internal unbalances and the incorporation of intermittent sources, such as DG (Distributed Generation). A coordinated voltage regulation mechanism is being created employing a MAS (Multi-Agent System) control structure to solve [...] Read more.
Unbalanced active distribution networks must be carefully analyzed to minimize undesirable implications from internal unbalances and the incorporation of intermittent sources, such as DG (Distributed Generation). A coordinated voltage regulation mechanism is being created employing a MAS (Multi-Agent System) control structure to solve the difficulties mentioned earlier. The proposed technique increases coordination between DGs and Shunt capacitors (SCs) to optimize the voltage profile and reduce overall power losses, along with voltage and current unbalanced factors in the proposed unbalanced 3-phase radial distribution network. To ensure improved real-time monitoring, PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) measure the state parameters of the above-regulated distribution network in realtime. Because it does not necessitate the placement of PMUs at all nodes for total network observability, it is a cost-effective technique for estimating network state. The IEEE standard, a 25-bus unbalanced 3-phase distribution network feeder, is used to assess the viability of the recommended technique. MATLAB R2024a programming is used to simulate the case studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Sustainable Power Grids: Enhancing Cybersecurity, Operation, and Control of Conventional, Modern, and Renewable-Based Energy Systems)
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18 pages, 4496 KB  
Article
Are Geochemical Diagrams Compatible Proxies of the Modal QAP Scheme for Classification/Nomenclature of Granitoid Rocks?
by Suhua Cheng and Yang Wang
Minerals 2025, 15(11), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15111165 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
The consistency between geochemical discrimination diagrams and the modal Quartz–Alkali feldspar–Plagioclase (QAP) classification scheme was investigated by evaluating the accuracy of three diagrams—the Quartz–Plagioclase coordinates (P-Q), the SiO2–CaO/(CaO + K2O) (SCK), and the Silica–Total Alkali (TAS) diagrams—for granitoid rocks. [...] Read more.
The consistency between geochemical discrimination diagrams and the modal Quartz–Alkali feldspar–Plagioclase (QAP) classification scheme was investigated by evaluating the accuracy of three diagrams—the Quartz–Plagioclase coordinates (P-Q), the SiO2–CaO/(CaO + K2O) (SCK), and the Silica–Total Alkali (TAS) diagrams—for granitoid rocks. A global dataset of 1981 samples, each containing both whole-rock geochemical data and quantitative modal mineralogy, was employed. The results indicate that the P-Q and SCK diagrams have relatively low overall accuracy (~50%–55%) in reproducing the QAP classification. Their accuracy is acceptable for granites but notably lower for basic and intermediate rock types. The SCK diagram achieves higher accuracy (~80%) for tonalite but exhibits considerable dispersion for other lithologies. Despite the IUGS recommending the TAS diagram for volcanic rocks only, it is commonly used for intrusive rocks; this study, however, finds that it yields low accuracy rates for most common plutonic rocks and is therefore unsuitable for their reliable classification. This limited accuracy is attributed to the use of only three or four oxides to estimate major mineral proportions, a practice equivalent to dimensionality reduction that results in substantial information loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology)
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19 pages, 679 KB  
Article
Adaptive Service Migration for Satellite Edge Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning
by Lu Zhao, Lulu Guo, Siyi Ni, Wanqi Qian, Kaixiang Lu, Yong Xie and Jian Zhou
Electronics 2025, 14(21), 4330; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14214330 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the Adaptive Service Migration (ASM) problem in dynamic satellite edge computing networks, focusing on Low Earth Orbit satellites with time-varying inter-satellite links. We formulate the ASM problem as a constrained optimization problem, aiming to minimize overall service cost, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we investigate the Adaptive Service Migration (ASM) problem in dynamic satellite edge computing networks, focusing on Low Earth Orbit satellites with time-varying inter-satellite links. We formulate the ASM problem as a constrained optimization problem, aiming to minimize overall service cost, which includes both interruption cost and processing cost. To address this problem, we propose ASM-DRL, a deep reinforcement learning approach based on the soft Actor-Critic framework. ASM-DRL introduces an adaptive entropy adjustment mechanism to dynamically balance exploration and exploitation, and adopts a dual-Critic architecture with soft target updates to enhance training stability and reduce Q-value overestimation. Extensive simulations show that ASM-DRL significantly outperforms baseline approaches in reducing service cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Cloud–Edge Computing Continuum for Industry 4.0)
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16 pages, 1894 KB  
Article
Impact of Body Mass Index on Robotic Surgery Outcomes in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Eleftherios Zachariou, Ioakeim Sapantzoglou, Elias Tsakos, Emmanouil M. Xydias, Dimitrios Dimitroulis and Nikolaos Plevris
Cancers 2025, 17(21), 3570; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17213570 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer and presents challenges for surgical management. Robotic-assisted surgery offers a minimally invasive approach with potential benefits for obese patients. This study sought to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Obesity is a well-established risk factor for endometrial cancer and presents challenges for surgical management. Robotic-assisted surgery offers a minimally invasive approach with potential benefits for obese patients. This study sought to assess the impact of body mass index (BMI) on surgical performance and short-term outcomes in patients undergoing robotic surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer, focusing on follow-up and perioperative treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 54 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who underwent a robotic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and indocyanine green sentinel lymph node biopsy between January 2021 and December 2024 at two tertiary centers. Patients were stratified by body mass index. Surgical variables, sentinel lymph node detection rates, peri- and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and short-term oncologic outcomes were assessed. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA, chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: The mean patient age was 59.7 years, with a mean BMI of 31.1 kg/m2. Bilateral sentinel lymph node detection was successful in 87% of cases, with no significant differences between BMI groups. Console time, hospital stay, and complication rates were comparable across BMI categories. Console time positively correlated with the number of lymph nodes removed (r = 0.302, p = 0.026), but not with BMI. At a mean follow-up of 24.4 months, no recurrences were observed. Conclusions: Robotic surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer is safe and effective regardless of BMI, including in patients with Class III obesity. BMI does not negatively impact surgical or short-term oncologic outcomes, supporting robotic surgery as an optimal approach in obese endometrial cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolving Trends in the Surgical Therapy of Patients with Gynecological Cancer)
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10 pages, 584 KB  
Article
Clinical and Sociodemographic Characterization of Mexican Cohort with Pseudoarthrosis: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional, and Descriptive Study
by Emilio Ignacio Pérez Jiménez, Félix Gustavo Mora Ríos, Brian Misael Muñoz Hernández, Josué Ramos Texta, Roberto Carlos Domínguez González, Joan Artemio Pérez Figueroa, Pedro García-Benavides and Carlos Alberto Castro-Fuentes
Reports 2025, 8(4), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8040227 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pseudoarthrosis continues to be a public health problem; however, in our country, information is scarce, particularly when talking about the clinical and sociodemographic characterization of the Mexican population with pseudoarthrosis. Methods: In this study, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Pseudoarthrosis continues to be a public health problem; however, in our country, information is scarce, particularly when talking about the clinical and sociodemographic characterization of the Mexican population with pseudoarthrosis. Methods: In this study, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, educational level, nutritional status, comorbidities, affected bone, fracture characteristics, degree of exposure, and waiting time for the patient to undergo surgery were analyzed. Results: A total of 267 patients were included in the present study. A higher frequency of men (53.6%) was identified compared to women, and the main age group was 46–75 years (50.1%). The main comorbidities identified in our population were smoking (n = 141; 52.8%) and osteoporosis (n = 84; 31.5%). When evaluating the clinical characteristics of pseudoarthrosis, the tibia (n = 65; 24.3%) and radius (n = 54; 20.2%) were the main bones affected. Fracture exposure could be identified in 17.65% (n = 47) of the population, and the main grade of involvement was II (46.8%). Regarding the prevalence of the affected bone, the tibia was the main one, with 13.5% (9.38–17.58%) female patients, 12.7% (8.73–16.73%) with overweight, 18.0% (13.37–22.59%) with osteoporosis, and 14.2% (10.04–18.42%) with a history of smoking. Conclusions: In our cohort, we identified a high prevalence of the tibia as the affected bone, while overweight, obesity, osteoporosis, and smoking were the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics that characterized our population. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for understanding the clinical and sociodemographic context of a Mexican cohort with nonunion. Full article
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12 pages, 892 KB  
Article
Membrane Technology for the Valorization of Wood Vinegar from Grape Pomace Pyrolysis
by Alexandre Giacobbo, Amanda de Sampaio Callegari, Mateus Torres Nazari, Valdecir Ferrari, Tania Maria Basegio, Carlos Pérez Bergmann, Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues, Maria Norberta de Pinho and Andréa Moura Bernardes
Membranes 2025, 15(11), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15110335 (registering DOI) - 5 Nov 2025
Abstract
The valorization of wood vinegar from biomass pyrolysis has been a significant research subject in recent years, but further studies to reduce its phytotoxicity and improve agricultural applications are still needed. This study investigates the application of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes in treating [...] Read more.
The valorization of wood vinegar from biomass pyrolysis has been a significant research subject in recent years, but further studies to reduce its phytotoxicity and improve agricultural applications are still needed. This study investigates the application of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes in treating the wood vinegar from grape pomace pyrolysis, aiming to valorize it. Wood vinegar treated with nanofiltration (NF270 membrane) and diluted 100 times acted as a root growth inducer in cucumber seeds, achieving a germination index of 145%. This interesting result suggests that nanofiltration is emerging as a promising technology for enhancing the value of wood vinegar, while also promoting sustainability and the circular economy in the agro-industrial sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Membrane Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater and Emerging Contaminants: Challenges and Innovations)
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