20 pages, 1469 KiB  
Review
Human Milk Lipidomics: Current Techniques and Methodologies
by Alexandra D. George 1, Melvin C. L. Gay 1, Robert D. Trengove 2 and Donna T. Geddes 1,*
1 School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
2 Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091169 - 26 Aug 2018
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 9551
Abstract
Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant’s daily energy [...] Read more.
Human milk contains a complex combination of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals, which are essential for infant growth and development. While the lipid portion constitutes only 5% of the total human milk composition, it accounts for over 50% of the infant’s daily energy intake. Human milk lipids vary throughout a feed, day, and through different stages of lactation, resulting in difficulties in sampling standardization and, like blood, human milk is bioactive containing endogenous lipases, therefore appropriate storage is critical in order to prevent lipolysis. Suitable sample preparation, often not described in studies, must also be chosen to achieve the aims of the study. Gas chromatography methods have classically been carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids, but with the advancement of other chromatographic techniques, such as liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography, as well as mass spectrometry, intact lipids can also be characterized. Despite the known importance, concise and comprehensive analysis of the human milk lipidome is limited, with gaps existing in all areas of human milk lipidomics, discussed in this review. With appropriate methodology and instrumentation, further understanding of the human milk lipidome and the influence it has on infant outcomes can be achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breastfeeding and Human Lactation)
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25 pages, 1191 KiB  
Review
Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis
by Hye Won Kang 1,*,†, Sang Gil Lee 2,†, Dammah Otieno 3 and Kyoungsoo Ha 1
1 Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
2 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea
3 Department of Applied Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1168; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091168 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 8340
Abstract
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis [...] Read more.
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactives and Human Health)
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12 pages, 805 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life of Celiac Patients in Brazil: Questionnaire Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation
by Claudia B. Pratesi 1,2, Winfred Häuser 3, Rosa Harumi Uenishi 1,2, Nicole Selleski 1,2, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano 4, Lenora Gandolfi 1,2, Riccardo Pratesi 1,2 and Renata Puppin Zandonadi 5,*
1 Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences and Celiac Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
2 Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil
3 Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
4 Department of Statistics, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
5 Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091167 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 7012
Abstract
(1) Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder. The manifestations of the disease and the obligatory life-long gluten-free diet (GFD) are associated with the impairment of patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder. The manifestations of the disease and the obligatory life-long gluten-free diet (GFD) are associated with the impairment of patients’ quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate a celiac disease quality of life (CD-QoL) questionnaire and apply it to a representative number of Brazilian CD patients. (2) Methods: A cross-cultural Brazilian-Portuguese version of the CD-QoL was developed according to revised international guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to 450 celiac patients. The reliability, reproducibility and validity were studied. (3) Results: The Brazilian CD-QoL questionnaire presents valid measures of reproducibility and internal consistency. Early diagnosis is related to higher scores of Brazilian CD-QoL social, sub- and total scale. There was a positive correlation between higher education level and higher QoL. Individuals with partners tend to have a better emotional subscale of QoL. CD-patients who follow a strict GFD have highest QoL scale values. Men scored higher than women on the CD-QoL. All results were statistically significant except for the gastrointestinal subscale. (4) Conclusions: Brazilian CD-QoL allows comparative research between different celiac populations in the world. QoL research will help in the development of effective strategies to improve Brazilian celiac patients’ quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gluten-Free Diet)
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17 pages, 1424 KiB  
Article
Keep Calm and Carry on: Parental Opinions on Improving Clinical Dietary Trials for Young Children
by Analise Nicholl * and Therese A. O’Sullivan
School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Dr, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091166 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3985
Abstract
Recruitment can be an issue for paediatric research. We aimed to investigate parental opinions of paediatric clinical assessments, and to combine findings with recent literature to inform the design of a clinical dietary trial. We used convenience sampling to recruit 17 parents of [...] Read more.
Recruitment can be an issue for paediatric research. We aimed to investigate parental opinions of paediatric clinical assessments, and to combine findings with recent literature to inform the design of a clinical dietary trial. We used convenience sampling to recruit 17 parents of children aged 2–6 years from two community playgroups in Perth, Western Australia. Three focus groups considered proposed child assessments, study design, and potential study enrolment. Qualitative thematic analysis of focus group transcripts used NVivo 11 (QSR, Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Four main parental concerns emerged, presented here with solutions combining parent responses and relevant literature. (1) Parent and child needle fear: a good experience and a good phlebotomist help keep participants calm, and offering additional analysis (e.g., iron status) makes blood tests more worthwhile. (2) Concerns about children’s age, stage, understanding and ability to cope: create a themed adventure to help explain concepts and make procedures fun. (3) Persistent misunderstandings involving study purpose, design, randomization and equipoise: provide clear information via multiple platforms, and check understanding before enrolment. (4) Parental decisions to enrol children focused on time commitment, respectful treatment of their child, confronting tests and altruism: child-centred methodologies can help address concerns and keep participants engaged throughout procedures. Addressing the concerns identified could improve participation in a range of paediatric health interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Interventions: From Development to Assessment of Efficacy and Effectiveness)
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8 pages, 233 KiB  
Review
Non-Antibiotic Antimicrobial Catheter Lock Solutions in Patients on Home Parenteral Nutrition
by Jessica Noelting 1, Brian Jurewitsch 2 and Johane P. Allard 3,*
1 Division of Gastroenterology & Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
2 Specialized Complex Care Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
3 Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091165 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4640
Abstract
Patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are dependent on central venous access for long-term sustenance, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. As such, there is much interest in finding new methods for [...] Read more.
Patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are dependent on central venous access for long-term sustenance, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. As such, there is much interest in finding new methods for preventing CRBSIs in patients on HPN. As it is thought that these infections are preceded by microbial colonization of the catheter, one approach is to use antimicrobial catheter lock solutions. Although antibiotic catheter lock solutions have been present for decades, their use has been mostly limited to the treatment of CRBSIs due to concern for promoting microbial resistance. Recently, however, with the advent of non-antibiotic antimicrobial catheter lock solutions, this approach is gaining popularity as a promising method to decrease rates of CRBSI in HPN patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Parenteral Nutrition)
20 pages, 32107 KiB  
Article
Association of Anabolic Effect of Calcitriol with Osteoclast-Derived Wnt 10b Secretion
by Chien-Lin Lu 1,2, Jia-Fwu Shyu 1,3, Chia-Chao Wu 4, Chi-Feng Hung 5,6, Min-Tser Liao 7,8, Wen-Chih Liu 1,9, Cai-Mei Zheng 1,10,11, Yi-Chou Hou 12, Yuh-Feng Lin 1,10,11,† and Kuo-Cheng Lu 1,2,*,†
1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
3 Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
4 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
5 School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
6 Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 262, Taiwan
7 Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
8 Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
9 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City 433, Taiwan
10 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11103, Taiwan
11 Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
12 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23155, Taiwan
† These authors have contributed equally to this work.
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Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091164 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4015
Abstract
Canonical Wnt (Wingless/Integrated) signaling is crucial in bone development and the Wnt ligand can promote osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. Calcitriol, an active vitamin D3, is used clinically for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The bone [...] Read more.
Canonical Wnt (Wingless/Integrated) signaling is crucial in bone development and the Wnt ligand can promote osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. Calcitriol, an active vitamin D3, is used clinically for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The bone effects of calcitriol in SHPT remains uncertain. We hypothesized that calcitriol improves bone mass by suppressing osteoclast activity, and simultaneously promoting Wnt ligand secretion. We designed a cross-sectional study in maintenance hemodialysis patients to explore the effects of calcitriol on different bone turnover markers and specifically emphasized the Wnt 10b levels. Then, we explored the source of Wnt 10b secretion by using osteoclasts and osteoblasts treated with calcitriol in cell culture studies. Finally, we explored the effects of calcitriol on bone microarchitectures in CKD mice, using the 5/6 nephrectomy CKD animal model with analysis using micro-computed tomography. Calcitriol promoted the growth of both trabecular and cortical bones in the CKD mice. Wnt 10b and Procollagen 1 N-terminal Propeptide (P1NP) significantly increased, but Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (Trap 5b) significantly decreased in the calcitriol-treated maintenance hemodialysis patients. Calcitriol enhanced Wnt 10b secretion from osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of SHPT with calcitriol improved the bone anabolism by inhibiting osteoclasts and promoting osteoblasts that might be achieved by increasing the Wnt 10b level. Full article
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14 pages, 245 KiB  
Article
Why Are Hungry College Students Not Seeking Help? Predictors of and Barriers to Using an On-Campus Food Pantry
by Aseel El Zein 1, Anne E. Mathews 1, Lisa House 2 and Karla P. Shelnutt 3,*
1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
2 Department of Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
3 Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091163 - 25 Aug 2018
Cited by 162 | Viewed by 25297
Abstract
Background: The number of food pantries on U.S. college campuses has increased in response to students’ food insecurity, but limited information is available to describe the impact of this resource. The objective of this cross-sectional investigation was to examine the relationship between food [...] Read more.
Background: The number of food pantries on U.S. college campuses has increased in response to students’ food insecurity, but limited information is available to describe the impact of this resource. The objective of this cross-sectional investigation was to examine the relationship between food insecurity and food pantry awareness, use, and perceived barriers to use. Methods: Students attending the University of Florida in fall 2017 (n = 899) completed the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Adult Food Security Survey and responded to questions about food pantry awareness and use. Sociodemographic data were also collected and included in multivariate logistic regression models. Results: While most students (70%) were aware of the existing food pantry, nearly a third of respondents were classified as being food insecure. After adjusting for sociodemographic correlates, factors such as identifying as being food insecure, international status, and receiving a student loan or a need-based federal financial aid (Pell grant) increased the likelihood of utilizing the campus food pantry. Despite these predictors, only 38% of food insecure students reported food pantry use. Among students who provided qualitative insights, four main barriers to using the on-campus food pantry were identified: social stigma, insufficient information on pantry use policies, self-identity, and inconvenient hours. Conclusions: Food security interventions and administrative policy should consider a new model of the traditional campus food pantry that reduces concerns of social stigma and is supported by clear and ongoing communications of operational procedures tailored for the college student population. Full article
13 pages, 655 KiB  
Article
Dietary Patterns and Poor Semen Quality Risk in Men: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Anna Danielewicz 1,*, Katarzyna Eufemia Przybyłowicz 1 and Mariusz Przybyłowicz 2
1 Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Słoneczna 45F, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
2 Center of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine Artemida in Olsztyn, Jagiellońska 78, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1162; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091162 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 6814
Abstract
The etiology of diminished sperm quality in about 30% of male infertility cases generally remains unexplained. Some studies have suggested that specific nutritional factors can affect semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between dietary patterns (DPs) and [...] Read more.
The etiology of diminished sperm quality in about 30% of male infertility cases generally remains unexplained. Some studies have suggested that specific nutritional factors can affect semen quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate an association between dietary patterns (DPs) and the risk of abnormal semen quality parameters in men. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 114 men aged 20–55 years from Poland. Semen parameters were assessed via computer-aided semen. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DPs were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Two DPs were derived: Pro-healthy and Western. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of abnormal progressive motility was significantly higher in the middle (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.03–8.09) and upper (OR: 7.78, 95% CI: 1.52–15.06) tertiles of the Western DP. A trend for increased risk of the abnormal total count, progressive motility, and morphology (P-trend < 0.050) was found in Western DP. To conclude, the Western DP may increase the risk of abnormal semen parameters, whereas no association was found in the case of Pro-healthy DP. These findings stand in contrast to an increasing number of research findings indicating a positive relation between intake of healthy foods or diet and semen quality parameters. The results highlight the need to study whether modifications in diet and lifestyle factors improve semen quality. Full article
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12 pages, 324 KiB  
Review
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula
by Yvan Vandenplas 1,*, Bernard Berger 2, Virgilio Paolo Carnielli 3, Janusz Ksiazyk 4, Hanna Lagström 5, Manuel Sanchez Luna 6, Natalia Migacheva 7, Jean-Marc Mosselmans 8, Jean-Charles Picaud 9, Mike Possner 10, Atul Singhal 11 and Martin Wabitsch 12
1 KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
2 Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Nestec Ltd., 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3 Neonatal Pediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
4 Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
5 Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
6 Neonatology Division, Research Institute University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Complutense University, 28009 Madrid, Spain
7 Department of Pediatrics, Samara State Medical University, 443084 Samara, Russia
8 Citadelle For Life, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
9 Neonatology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon and CarMen Unit, INSERM U1060, INRA U197, Claude Bernard University, 69100 Lyon 1, France
10 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
11 Paediatric Nutrition, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
12 Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Centre for Hormonal Disorders in Children and Adolescents, Ulm University Hospital, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091161 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 260 | Viewed by 24136
Abstract
The authors reviewed the published evidence on the presence of oligosaccharides in human milk (HMO) and their benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. The still limited data of trials evaluating the effect of mainly 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) on the addition of some [...] Read more.
The authors reviewed the published evidence on the presence of oligosaccharides in human milk (HMO) and their benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. The still limited data of trials evaluating the effect of mainly 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) on the addition of some of HMOs to infant formula were also reviewed. PubMed was searched from January 1990 to April 2018. The amount of HMOs in mother’s milk is a dynamic process as it changes over time. Many factors, such as duration of lactation, environmental, and genetic factors, influence the amount of HMOs. HMOs may support immune function development and provide protection against infectious diseases directly through the interaction of the gut epithelial cells or indirectly through the modulation of the gut microbiota, including the stimulation of the bifidobacteria. The limited clinical data suggest that the addition of HMOs to infant formula seems to be safe and well tolerated, inducing a normal growth and suggesting a trend towards health benefits. HMOs are one of the major differences between cow’s milk and human milk, and available evidence indicates that these components do have a health promoting benefit. The addition of one or two of these components to infant formula is safe, and brings infant formula closer to human milk. More prospective, randomized trials in infants are need to evaluate the clinical benefit of supplementing infant formula with HMOs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics)
10 pages, 532 KiB  
Review
Resveratrol Counteracts Insulin Resistance—Potential Role of the Circulation
by Rachel H. X. Wong 1,2 and Peter R. C. Howe 1,2,*
1 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
2 Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091160 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 7371
Abstract
Pre-clinical data and human trials indicate that resveratrol supplementation may help to counteract diabetes. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain its metabolic benefits, including activation of sirtuins and estrogen receptors (ER) to promote glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) translocation and increase [...] Read more.
Pre-clinical data and human trials indicate that resveratrol supplementation may help to counteract diabetes. Several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain its metabolic benefits, including activation of sirtuins and estrogen receptors (ER) to promote glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) translocation and increase glucose uptake. Resveratrol can also enhance vasodilator function, yet the possibility that this action might help to alleviate insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes mellitus has received little attention. In this brief review we propose that, by restoring impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in insulin resistant individuals resveratrol increases blood perfusion of skeletal muscle, thereby facilitating glucose delivery and utilization with resultant improvement of insulin sensitivity. Thus, circulatory improvements by vasoactive nutrients such as resveratrol may play a role in preventing or alleviating insulin resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients for Cardiometabolic Health and Brain Function)
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16 pages, 3229 KiB  
Article
Yeast-Derived Recombinant Avenanthramides Inhibit Proliferation, Migration and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Colon Cancer Cells
by Federica Finetti 1,2, Andrea Moglia 2,3,*, Irene Schiavo 1,2, Sandra Donnini 4, Giovanni Nicolao Berta 5, Federica Di Scipio 5, Andrea Perrelli 2,5, Claudia Fornelli 2,5, Lorenza Trabalzini 1,2,† and Saverio Francesco Retta 2,5,†
1 Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
2 CCM Italia research network (www.ccmitalia.unito.it), 10043 Torino, Italy
3 Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
4 Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
5 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy
† These authors share senior authorship.
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091159 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4458
Abstract
Avenanthramides (Avns), polyphenols found exclusively in oats, are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of several human diseases, including colon cancer. By engineering a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, we previously produced two novel phenolic compounds, N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid [...] Read more.
Avenanthramides (Avns), polyphenols found exclusively in oats, are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of several human diseases, including colon cancer. By engineering a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, we previously produced two novel phenolic compounds, N-(E)-p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide I, YAvnI) and N-(E)-caffeoyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (Yeast avenanthramide II, YAvnII), which are endowed with a structural similarity to bioactive oat avenanthramides and stronger antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the ability of these yeast-derived recombinant avenanthramides to inhibit major hallmarks of colon cancer cells, including sustained proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29, we compared the impact of YAvns and natural Avns, including Avn-A and Avn-C, on colon cancer cells by performing MTT, clonogenic, adhesion, migration, and anchorage-independent growth assays, and analyzing the expression of EMT markers. We found that both YAvns and Avns were able to inhibit colon cancer cell growth by increasing the expression of p21, p27 and p53 proteins. However, YAvns resulted more effective than natural compounds in inhibiting cancer cell migration and reverting major molecular features of the EMT process, including the down-regulation of E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels. Full article
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14 pages, 2115 KiB  
Article
Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation and Growth in Early Infancy are Associated with Stunting in Young Tanzanian Children
by Sana Syed 1, Karim P. Manji 2, Christine M. McDonald 1, Rodrick Kisenge 2, Said Aboud 3, Christopher Sudfeld 4, Lindsey Locks 5, Enju Liu 1, Wafaie W. Fawzi 4,5,6 and Christopher P. Duggan 1,2,4,5,*
1 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
4 Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
5 Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
6 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091158 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4948
Abstract
Stunting can afflict up to one-third of children in resource-constrained countries. We hypothesized that low-grade systemic inflammation (defined as elevations in serum C-reactive protein or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) in infancy suppresses the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and is associated with subsequent stunting. [...] Read more.
Stunting can afflict up to one-third of children in resource-constrained countries. We hypothesized that low-grade systemic inflammation (defined as elevations in serum C-reactive protein or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) in infancy suppresses the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and is associated with subsequent stunting. Blood samples of 590 children from periurban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, were obtained at 6 weeks and 6 months of age as part of a randomized controlled trial. Primary outcomes were stunting, underweight, and wasting (defined as length-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores < −2) between randomization and endline (18 months after randomization). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of time to first stunting, underweight, and wasting as outcomes, with measures of systemic inflammation, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as exposures, adjusting for numerous demographic and clinical variables. The incidences of subsequent stunting, underweight, and wasting were 26%, 20%, and 18%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, systemic inflammation at 6 weeks of age was significantly associated with stunting (HR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.72; p = 0.002). Children with higher levels of IGF-1 at 6 weeks were less likely to become stunted (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.93; p for trend = 0.019); a similar trend was noted in children with higher levels of IGF-1 at 6 months of age (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.12; p for trend = 0.07). Systemic inflammation occurs as early as 6 weeks of age and is associated with the risk of future stunting among Tanzanian children. Full article
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11 pages, 1732 KiB  
Article
There Is No Association between Coeliac Disease and Autoimmune Pancreatitis
by Giulia De Marchi 1, Giovanna Zanoni 2, Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi 1, Elena Betti 3, Monica Brentegani 2, Paola Capelli 4, Valeria Zuliani 1, Luca Frulloni 1, Catherine Klersy 5 and Rachele Ciccocioppo 1,*
1 Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, AOUI Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona; Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
2 Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, AOUI Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
3 Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Piazzale Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
4 Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, AOUI Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
5 Clinical Epidemiology & Biometry Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo; Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091157 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4148
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disorder whose association with coeliac disease (CD) has never been investigated, although CD patients display a high prevalence of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic affections. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the frequency of CD in patients with [...] Read more.
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disorder whose association with coeliac disease (CD) has never been investigated, although CD patients display a high prevalence of both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic affections. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the frequency of CD in patients with AIP and in further medical pancreatic disorders. The screening for CD was carried out through the detection of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) autoantibodies in sera of patients retrospectively enrolled and divided in four groups: AIP, chronic pancreatitis, chronic asymptomatic pancreatic hyperenzymemia (CAPH), and control subjects with functional dyspepsia. The search for anti-endomysium autoantibodies was performed in those cases with borderline or positive anti-tTG values. Duodenal biopsy was offered to all cases showing positive results. One patient out of 72 (1.4%) with AIP had already been diagnosed with CD and was following a gluten-free diet, while one case out of 71 (1.4%) with chronic pancreatitis and one out of 92 (1.1%) control subjects were diagnosed with de novo CD. No cases of CD were detected in the CAPH group. By contrast, a high prevalence of cases with ulcerative colitis was found in the AIP group (13.8%). Despite a mutual association between CD and several autoimmune disorders, our data do not support the serologic screening for CD in AIP. Further studies will clarify the usefulness of CD serologic screening in other pancreatic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraintestinal Manifestations of Coeliac Disease)
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9 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
Impact of Meeting Different Guidelines for Protein Intake on Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Physically Active Older Women
by Andreas Nilsson *, Diego Montiel Rojas and Fawzi Kadi
School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091156 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7396
Abstract
The role of dietary protein intake on muscle mass and physical function in older adults is important for the prevention of age-related physical limitations. The aim of the present study was to elucidate links between dietary protein intake and muscle mass and physical [...] Read more.
The role of dietary protein intake on muscle mass and physical function in older adults is important for the prevention of age-related physical limitations. The aim of the present study was to elucidate links between dietary protein intake and muscle mass and physical function in older women meeting current guidelines of objectively assessed physical activity. In 106 women (65 to 70 years old), protein intake was assessed using a 6-day food record and participants were classified into high and low protein intake groups using two Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) thresholds (0.8 g·kg−1 bodyweight (BW) and 1.1 g·kg−1 BW). Body composition, aerobic fitness, and quadriceps strength were determined using standardized procedures, and self-reported physical function was assessed using the SF-12 Health Survey. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. Women below the 0.8 g·kg−1 BW threshold had a lower muscle mass (p < 0.05) with no differences in physical function variables. When based on the higher RDA threshold (1.1 g·kg−1 BW), in addition to significant differences in muscle mass, women below the higher threshold had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher likelihood of having physical limitations. In conclusion, the present study supports the RDA threshold of 0.8 g·kg−1 BW of proteins to prevent the loss of muscle mass and emphasizes the importance of the higher RDA threshold of at least 1.1 g·kg−1 BW to infer additional benefits on constructs of physical function. Our study also supports the role of protein intake for healthy ageing, even in older adults meeting guidelines for physical activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People)
16 pages, 3384 KiB  
Article
Main Human Urinary Metabolites after Genipap (Genipa americana L.) Juice Intake
by Livia Dickson 1,2,3, Mathieu Tenon 2, Ljubica Svilar 4, Pascale Fança-Berthon 2, Raphael Lugan 5, Jean-Charles Martin 4, Fabrice Vaillant 3 and Hervé Rogez 1,*
1 Federal University of Pará & Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Avenida Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, Guamá 66075-750, Brazil
2 Naturex SA, 250 rue Pierre Bayle, BP81218, 84911 Avignon CEDEX 9, France
3 Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Avenue Agropolis, TA50/PS4, 34398 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
4 Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, CRIBIOM, 5-9, Boulevard Maurice Bourdet, CS 80501, 13205 Marseille CEDEX 01, France
5 UMR Qualisud, Université d’Avignon, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP21239, 84916 Avignon CEDEX 9, France
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091155 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6888
Abstract
Genipap (Genipa americana L.) is a native fruit from Amazonia that contains bioactive compounds with a wide range of bioactivities. However, the response to genipap juice ingestion in the human exposome has never been studied. To identify biomarkers of genipap exposure, the [...] Read more.
Genipap (Genipa americana L.) is a native fruit from Amazonia that contains bioactive compounds with a wide range of bioactivities. However, the response to genipap juice ingestion in the human exposome has never been studied. To identify biomarkers of genipap exposure, the untargeted metabolomics approach in human urine was applied. Urine samples from 16 healthy male volunteers, before and after drinking genipap juice, were analyzed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. XCMS package was used for data processing in the R environment and t-tests were applied on log-transformed and Pareto-scaled data to select the significant metabolites. The principal component analysis (PCA) score plots showed a clear distinction between experimental groups. Thirty-three metabolites were putatively annotated and the most discriminant were mainly related to the metabolic pathways of iridoids and phenolic derivatives. For the first time, the bioavailability of genipap iridoids after human consumption is reported. Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, (1R,6R)-6-hydroxy-2-succinylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate, hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, genipic acid, 12-demethylated-8-hydroxygenipinic acid, 3(7)-dehydrogenipinic acid, genipic acid glucuronide, nonate, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate may be considered biomarkers of genipap consumption. Human exposure to genipap reveals the production of derivative forms of bioactive compounds such as genipic and genipinic acid. These findings suggest that genipap consumption triggers effects on metabolic signatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Bioactives and Human Health)
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