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Recent Advances in Micro- and Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds 2.0

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 1932

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: delivery of bioactive compounds; carotenoids; antimicrobial peptides; hydrocolloids; nano/microencapsulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past few decades, bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, essential oils, and other compounds) have been extensively studied due to a growing interest concerning their biological and pharmacological properties. However, many bioactive compounds have very low water solubility and are light-, air-, and temperature-sensitive. Micro/nanoencapsulation is an effective approach that can increase the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of bioactive compounds for their application in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Many materials and encapsulation techniques can be used for the delivery of bioactive compounds. Presently, a variety of novel carrier agents and techniques have been proposed for the development of encapsulated systems. New emerging technologies improve the protection of bioactive compounds against environmental conditions and offer better characteristics of encapsulated products. 

I would like to invite you to submit original research papers or review articles to this Special Issue that address any research topic related to the micro/nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds.

Dr. Jolanta Sereikaitė
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • micro/nanoencapsulation
  • bioactive compounds
  • encapsulation materials
  • encapsulation techniques
  • controlled release

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 8246 KiB  
Article
A Quantitative Re-Assessment of Microencapsulation in (Pre-Treated) Yeast
by Giulia Coradello, Chiara Setti, Roberto Donno, Matilde Ghibaudi, Federico Catalano and Nicola Tirelli
Molecules 2024, 29(2), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020539 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 874
Abstract
Most hydrophobes easily diffuse into yeast cells, where they experience reduced evaporation and protection from oxidation, thus allowing inherently biocompatible encapsulation processes. Despite a long-standing industrial interest, the effect of parameters such as how is yeast pre-treated (extraction with ethanol, plasmolysis with hypertonic [...] Read more.
Most hydrophobes easily diffuse into yeast cells, where they experience reduced evaporation and protection from oxidation, thus allowing inherently biocompatible encapsulation processes. Despite a long-standing industrial interest, the effect of parameters such as how is yeast pre-treated (extraction with ethanol, plasmolysis with hypertonic NaCl, depletion to cell walls), the polarity of the hydrophobes and the process conditions are still not fully understood. Here, we have developed thorough analytical protocols to assess how the effects of the above on S. cerevisiae’s morphology, permeability, and encapsulation efficiency, using three differently polar hydrophobes (linalool, 1,6-dihydrocarvone, limonene) and three separate processes (hydrophobes as pure ‘oils’, water dispersions, or acetone solutions). The harsher the pre-treatment (depleted > plasmolyzed/extracted > untreated cells), the easier the diffusion into yeast became, and the lower both encapsulation efficiency and protection from evaporation, possibly due to denaturation/removal of lipid-associated (membrane) proteins. More hydrophobic terpenes performed worst in encapsulation as pure ‘oils’ or in water dispersion, but much less of a difference existed in acetone. This indicates the specific advantage of solvents/dispersants for ‘difficult’ compounds, which was confirmed by principal component analysis; furthering this concept, we have used combinations of hydrophobes (e.g., linalool and α-tocopherol), with one acting as solvent/enhancer for the other. Our results thus indicate advantages in using untreated yeast and—if necessary—processes based on solvents/secondary hydrophobes. Full article
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16 pages, 3029 KiB  
Article
Use of Double Gelled Microspheres to Improve Release Control of Cinnamon-Loaded Nanoemulsions
by Esther Santamaría, Alicia Maestro and Carmen González
Molecules 2024, 29(1), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010158 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 653
Abstract
The use of nanoemulsions as encapsulation systems for active ingredients, such as cinnamon oil, has been studied. A surfactant based on polyoxyethylene glycerol esters from coconut/palm kernel oil has been used. The nanoemulsions were obtained by the two most commonly low-energy emulsification methods, [...] Read more.
The use of nanoemulsions as encapsulation systems for active ingredients, such as cinnamon oil, has been studied. A surfactant based on polyoxyethylene glycerol esters from coconut/palm kernel oil has been used. The nanoemulsions were obtained by the two most commonly low-energy emulsification methods, the composition inversion phase (PIC) and the temperature inversion phase (PIT) methods. Nanoemulsions were successfully obtained by both methods, with very small droplet sizes (5–14 nm) in both cases, but a greater stability was observed when the PIT method was used. Nanoemulsions were encapsulated by external gelation using two different polysaccharides, alginate or chitosan, dissolved in the continuous phase of the nanoemulsion. Then, the nanoemulsion was dropped into a bath with a gelling agent. To improve the release control of cinnamon oil and avoid the burst effect, beads prepared with one of the polysaccharides were coated with the second polysaccharide and then gelled again. Double gelled beads were successfully obtained, the core with chitosan and the outer layer (shell) with alginate. SEM images showed the morphology of the single beads presenting high porosity. When the beads were coated, the porosity decreased because the second polysaccharide molecules covered the pre-existing pores. The smoother surface was obtained when this second layer was, in turn, gelled. The release patterns at pH = 2 and pH = 7 were studied. It was observed that the double gelled bead provided a more gradual release, but maintained approximately the same amount of final released oil. The release patterns were fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The fitting parameters reflected the effect of the different coating layers, correlating with different diffusion mechanisms according to the bead core and shell materials. Full article
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Physical properties of microcapsules of Moringa oleifera leaf extract prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction and spray-drying encapsulation
Author: Kaewmanee
Highlights: 1. UAE and spray drying method incorporated with maltodextrin, might be helpful for the preparation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract microcapsules. 2. The inlet temperatures between 140-160°C, and the core-to-wall ratio of 0.1:10 expressed the highest encapsulation efficiency.

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