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A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 26811

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Prof. Reza Riahi

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Interests: Corrosion & coatings; Tribology and metal forming; Composites; Machining

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal rolling remains a relevant deformation process employed for the high volume production of wrought metal sheets, plates, bars, pipes and rods that are used in subsequent metalworking processes. As rolled metal products continue to comprise a substantial portion of manufactured metal products, the rolling of metals has attained a position of major importance in the metalworking industry. The complexity of metal rolling includes the refinement of the metal microstructure and texture, which has a distinct influence on establishing the final mechanical properties of the metal and has led to extensive research in this field. High near-surface shear stress, along with the temperature have a distinct influence on the formation of oxides and surface layers of the rolled products. Therefore, the study of the complex interactions occurring at the work roll and rolled metal surface have yielded several research publications. These interactions have been noted to be influenced by the thermo-physical and mechanical properties as well as the surface conditions of the work roll and work piece; the lubrication conditions; and the rolling parameters engaged. The interactions at the work roll/work piece interface have also been observed to generate roll coating on the work roll surface, which has been thought to be beneficial to the rolling process and has been the subject of recent research in aluminum and titanium alloys. The back transfer of this adhesion of the work roll surface have been noted to result in surface defects on the rolled metal surface, which has also been a topic of interest in many articles. Nevertheless, research on metal rolling continues to yield many fruitful results.

For this Special Issue of Metals, we welcome reviews and articles in the areas of principle, computer-aided modeling, microstructural evolution, near-surface microstructure development and characterization, roll coating, lubrication (coolant), and the tribology of rolling.

Prof. Reza Riahi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

rolling
metalworking
roll coating
lubrication
microstructure
surface quality
hot rolling
cold rolling
work roll

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Grinding and Deformation Fracture Control of Cold Rolled Titanium Strip

by Jiaming Zhang, Wei Yu, Entao Dong, Zeyu Zhang, Jiaxin Shi and Gaoxiang Gong

Metals 2020, 10(3), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030323 - 29 Feb 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2552

Abstract

Surface defects of titanium strip need to be removed by local grinding, but local cracking or band breaking then occurs during subsequent cold rolling. Tensile properties and deformation resistance of 3 mm thick commercially pure titanium strip with grinding pits on the surface were simulated by a finite-element method using a multi-pass cold-rolling deformation process. The stress and strain of grinding pits with depths of 0.25–2 mm were analyzed. During cold-rolling deformation, the stress and strain in the center of a grinding pit were larger than at the edge region. The strip was first subjected to tensile stress in the rolling direction, which then decreased and gradually changed to compressive stress. Partial stress was larger in the rolling direction than in the transverse direction. When the tensile stress and true strain both exceeded the stress and strain limits during second-pass rolling, the strip with a grinding depth of 2 mm cracked, but shallower grinding pits were repaired. The criterion for cracking during rolling after grinding is that the maximum tensile strain at the bottom of the pit must be less than the critical strain of the material:

\ln (1 + h / H) \leq ε_{C r}

. Results of numerical simulation were verified by the data for cold-rolling tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rolling of Metals)

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13 pages, 18454 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of AZ80 Alloy by Combining Extrusion and Three Pass Calibre Rolling

by Shuaiju Meng, Hui Yu, Jun Zhou, Haisheng Han, Yongyan Li, Lishan Dong, Xiaolong Nan, Zhongjie Li, Kwang Seon Shin and Weimin Zhao

Metals 2020, 10(2), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020249 - 13 Feb 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2864

Abstract

An AZ80 alloy with ultra-high strength and good ductility has been successfully prepared by a novel processing route of combining extrusion and caliber rolling. The caliber rolled (CRed) AZ80 alloy has a necklace grain structure with ultrafine dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains formed around the micro-scale deformed grains, which is remarkably different from the uniform microstructure of as-extruded sample free from caliber rolling. In addition, both the deformed region and the DRXed part in CRed AZ80 alloy exhibit more random basal texture than that of the as-extruded sample. Furthermore, the CRed AZ80 alloy demonstrates an excellent comprehensive mechanical property with the ultimate tensile strength of 446MPa and elongation of 13%, respectively. These good mechanical properties of CRed AZ80 alloy can be attributed to the synthetic effects of necklace bimodal microstructure containing ultra-fine grains, profuse Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitates, and the modified texture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rolling of Metals)

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16 pages, 5283 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Crown Shape of Rolls on the Distribution of Stress and Elastic Deformation for Rolling Processes

by Rumualdo Servin, Sixtos A. Arreola, Ismael Calderón, Alejandro Perez and Sandra M. San Miguel

Metals 2019, 9(11), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111222 - 14 Nov 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4989

Abstract

The present work analyzes the influence of crown shape on the distribution of stresses and deformation for rolling processes. This study consists of a Finite Element Analysis considering combinations of crown shape for Back Up Roll and Work Roll, rolling forces, properties of materials and dimensions of rolls and strip. An analysis of the rolls based on a double cantilever model with the fulcrum of the beams in a centerline mill was carried out. The results show that maximum stress concentrations for all combinations of crown shape analyzed appear on both sides 787.4 mm from the mill centerline, exactly on the sides of the strip. In this area, the maximum stress for the best combination of crown shape is larger than in the centerline mill, increasing from 34.2 MPa to 163.0 MPa. This is proportional according to Hooke’s law for which strain of rolls increases from 3.4067 × 10⁻⁴ to 4.8368 × 10⁻⁴. The worst combinations of crown shapes were obtained when the shapes of the barrel are the same for the BUR and WR; for example: Combination 1 (BUR Positive–WR Positive), Combination 5 (BUR Flat–WR Flat), and Combination 9 (BUR Negative–WR Negative). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rolling of Metals)

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11 pages, 8990 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Root Cause Analysis of Surface Cracks in Heavy Steel Plates during the Hot Rolling Process

by Abbas Bahrami, Mahdi Kiani Khouzani, Seyed Amirmohammad Mokhtari, Shahin Zareh and Maryam Yazdan Mehr

Metals 2019, 9(7), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9070801 - 20 Jul 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 12287

Abstract

This paper investigates the root cause of the formation of surface cracks on hot-rolled C–Mn constructional steel heavy plates. Cracks are rather evenly distributed over the surface in the form of colonies of cracks. Samples were cut from the heavy plate. The microstructure of samples in the as-cast and hot-rolled states were studied using optical and electron microscopes as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that cracks are heavily oxidized. De-carburized areas are also seen alongside cracks. The crack tip is in the form of a deer-horn, indicating that crack branching has taken place during deformation. The crack initiation sites are V-shaped grooves on the surface of as-cast slabs. Correlations between microstructures, processing parameters, and crack formation are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rolling of Metals)

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10 pages, 4240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Annealing Twins of Fe-20Mn-4Al-0.3C Austenitic Steels during Symmetric and Asymmetric Hot Rolling

by Changsheng Li, Biao Ma, Yanlei Song, Kun Li and Jingbo Dong

Metals 2018, 8(11), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110882 - 29 Oct 2018

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3351

Abstract

The present work investigates the annealing twins of Fe-20Mn-4Al-0.3C austenitic steels in symmetric hot rolling (SHR) and asymmetric hot rolling (ASHR). The average grain size is 26 (±9.6) μm and 11 (±7.0) μm for the tested steel in SHR and ASHR processes. The density of high angle grain boundary (HAGB) and annealing twin boundary increase with the decrease of grain size. The annealing twin is obviously higher in ASHR than in SHR. The linear relation model between the logarithm of twin boundary density and the logarithm of the grain size is established. The grain boundary migration is continuously generated during recrystallization in SHR process. The coincident site lattice (CSL) boundary proportion increases with local grain boundary continuing bugling and the migration direction of bugling grain boundary constantly changes. The tensile property of the tested steel is improved due to the effective grain refinement and high density of annealing twins caused by the severe strain in the ASHR process. The purpose of high density HAGB for austenitic steels is helpful to an improvement in mechanical properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rolling of Metals)

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