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Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys

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A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 19186

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yuji Sano

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Guest Editor

Department of Quantum Beam Physics, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Interests: Laser technology and application; quantum beam technology; nuclear technology

Dr. Nikolai Kashaev

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Guest Editor

Department of Laser Processing and Structural Assessment, Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
Interests: laser welding and processing of metallic materials; laser shock peening; residual stress engineering; additive manufacturing; fatigue and fracture of materials and structures
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aluminium alloys are widely used in daily life and various industries. Aluminium alloys are a key material in personal gears, vehicles, and transportation equipment due to their light weight. Improving mechanical properties, especially fatigue, can reduce unexpected failure of load-bearing components and reduce the environmental footprint. In recent years, much research and development has been carried out on laser peening, and it is known that laser peening is highly effective in improving the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys.

In this Special Issue, we are collecting reviews and articles from all sectors, from academia to industry, and highlighting cutting-edge processes and technologies. This contributes to future prospects. Topics include basic research to understanding underlying physics, process development, parameter optimization including big data analysis, and industrial applications. We also welcome papers on microscopic analysis on dislocation, precipitation, phase transformation, nanocrystallization, etc. caused by laser peening in conjunction with fatigue issues in aluminium alloys.

Prof. Dr. Yuji Sano
Dr. Nikolai Kashaev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Laser shock peening
Fundamental phenomena
Materials behavior
Mechanical properties
Residual stresses
Crack propagation
Process optimization
Numerical simulation
Industrial applications.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coupled Modeling Approach for Laser Shock Peening of AA2198-T3: From Plasma and Shock Wave Simulation to Residual Stress Prediction

by Vasily Pozdnyakov, Sören Keller, Nikolai Kashaev, Benjamin Klusemann and Jens Oberrath

Metals 2022, 12(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010107 - 6 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2127

Abstract

Laser shock peening (LSP) is a surface modification technique to improve the mechanical properties of metals and alloys, where physical phenomena are difficult to investigate, due to short time scales and extreme physical values. In this regard, simulations can significantly contribute to understand the underlying physics. In this paper, a coupled simulation approach for LSP is presented. A global model of laser–matter–plasma interaction is applied to determine the plasma pressure, which is used as surface loading in finite element (FE) simulations in order to predict residual stress (RS) profiles in the target material. The coupled model is applied to the LSP of AA2198-T3 with water confinement,

3 \times 3 {mm}^{2}

square focus and 20 ns laser pulse duration. This investigation considers the variation in laser pulse energy (3 J and 5 J) and different protective coatings (none, aluminum and steel foil). A sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of parameter inaccuracies of the global model on the resulting RS. Adjustment of the global model to different laser pulse energies and coating materials allows us to compute the temporal pressure distributions to predict RS with FE simulations, which are in good agreement with the measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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9 pages, 2599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Laser Peening with a Pulse Energy of 1.7 mJ on the Residual Stress and Fatigue Properties of A7075 Aluminum Alloy

by Yuji Sano, Kiyotaka Masaki, Yoshio Mizuta, Satoshi Tamaki, Tomonao Hosokai and Takunori Taira

Metals 2021, 11(11), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111716 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2045

Abstract

Laser peening without coating (LPwC) using a palmtop-sized microchip laser has improved the residual stresses (RSs) and fatigue properties of A7075 aluminum alloy. Laser pulses with a wavelength of 1.06 μm and duration of 1.3 ns from a Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser were focused onto A7075 aluminum alloy samples covered with water. X-ray diffraction revealed compressive RSs on the surface after irradiation using laser pulses with an energy of 1.7 mJ, spot diameter of 0.3 mm, and density of 100–1600 pulse/mm². The effects were evident to depths of a few hundred micrometers and the maximum compressive RS was close to the yield strength. Rotation-bending fatigue experiments revealed that LPwC with a pulse energy of 1.7 mJ significantly prolonged the fatigue life and increased the fatigue strength by about 100 MPa with 10⁷ fatigue cycles. The microchip laser used in this study is small enough to fit in the hand or be mounted on a robot arm. The results may lead to the development of tools that extend the service life of various metal parts and structures, especially outdoors where conventional lasers are difficult to apply. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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10 pages, 39506 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Laser Shock Peening Parameters on Residual Stresses and Corrosion Fatigue of AA5083

by Jan Kaufman, Zbyněk Špirit, Vijay Krishnaswami Vasudevan, Matthew Alan Steiner, Seetha Ramaiah Mannava, Jan Brajer, Ladislav Pína and Tomáš Mocek

Metals 2021, 11(10), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101635 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2506

Abstract

Aluminium alloy 5083 was subjected to Laser Shock Peening both with (LSP) and without protective coating (LPwC) at multiple pulse densities. A second LPwC treatment was conducted fully submersed under water, in addition to the standard laminar water flow condition. The results show that compressive residual stresses were generated in all cases, although their character varied depending on the peening strategy and method of confinement. In all cases, higher pulse density lead to an increase in compressive stresses with a saturation point of −325 MPa at 1089 p/cm² for the LPwC treatments. Corrosion fatigue testing of sensitized samples then showed 59% and 69% improvement in fatigue strength after the LSP and LPwC treatments, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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9 pages, 842 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Novel Confinement Possibility for Laser Shock: Use of Flexible Polymer Confinement at 1064 nm Wavelength

by Corentin Le Bras, Alexandre Rondepierre, Mohammad Ayad, Yann Rouchausse, Matthieu Gervais, Stéphane Valadon and Laurent Berthe

Metals 2021, 11(9), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091467 - 16 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2049

Abstract

Through the years, laser shock peening became a treatment of choice in the aerospace industry to prolong the life of certain critical pieces. Water flow is commonly used as a confinement to improve the process capability but some applications cannot allow for water presence in the area of interest. In a previous article, an alternative to the water confinement was presented, a flexible polymer confinement was used and demonstrated the production of pressures equivalent to the water configuration treatment. However, laser parameters have been restricted to a wavelength in the visible range at 532 nm. In this paper, the study is extended to 1064 nm which is commonly used in LSP applications and with two different pulse durations. A 1064 nm near infra-red laser is used to do pressure characterization of shots with polymer confinement through Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) measurements coupled with Finite Element Modelling on Abaqus software. The results show that the pressures produced by the confinement is slightly lower with the 1064 nm wavelength, similar to what is observed with the classic water confined regime when switching from 532 nm to a near infra-red wavelength. Nevertheless, the high level of pressure produced by laser shock under the polymer confinement configuration allows for the treatment of common types of metal alloys used in the aerospace industry. Although the use of such a confinement has yet to be applicable to peening setups, it has already uses in some single shot configurations such as LasAT where it allows the avoidance of the water flow optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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13 pages, 3257 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Influence of Laser Shock Peening on Fatigue Properties of AA2024-T3 Alloy with a Fastener Hole

by Ruslan Sikhamov, Fedor Fomin, Benjamin Klusemann and Nikolai Kashaev

Metals 2020, 10(4), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10040495 - 9 Apr 2020

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2810

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to estimate the influence of laser shock peening on the fatigue properties of AA2024-T3 specimens with a fastener hole and to investigate the possibility to heal the initial cracks in such specimens. Fatigue cracks of different lengths were introduced in the specimens with a fastener hole before applying laser shock peening. Deep compressive residual stresses, characterized by the hole drilling method, were generated into the specimens by applying laser shock peening on both sides. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to fatigue tests. The results show that laser shock peening has a positive effect regarding the fatigue life improvement in the specimens with a fastener hole. In addition, laser shock peening leads to a healing effect on fatigue cracks. The efficiency of this effect depends on the initial crack length. The effect of laser shock peening on the fatigue life periods was determined by using resonant frequency graphs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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Review

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34 pages, 1599 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Laser Interaction in Confined Regime: Discussion about the Plasma Source Term for Laser Shock Applications and Simulations

by Alexandre Rondepierre, Arnaud Sollier, Laurent Videau and Laurent Berthe

Metals 2021, 11(12), 2032; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122032 - 14 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2898

Abstract

This review proposes to summarize the development of laser shock applications in a confined regime, mainly laser shock peening, over the past 50 years since its discovery. We especially focus on the relative importance of the source term, which is directly linked to plasma pressure. Discussions are conducted regarding the experimental setups, experimental results, models and numerical simulations. Confined plasmas are described and their specific properties are compared with those of well-known plasmas. Some comprehensive keys are provided to help understand the behavior of these confined plasmas during their interaction with laser light to reach very high pressures that are fundamental for laser shock applications. Breakdown phenomena, which limit pressure generation, are also presented and discussed. A historical review was conducted on experimental data, such as pressure, temperature, and density. Available experimental setups used to characterize the plasma pressure are also discussed, and improvements in metrology developed in recent years are presented. Furthermore, analytical and numerical models based on these experiments and their improvements, are also reviewed, and the case of aluminum alloys is studied through multiple works. Finally, this review outlines necessary future improvements that expected by the laser shock community to improve the estimation of the source term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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19 pages, 8513 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Effect of Laser Peening on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Probed by Synchrotron Radiation and X-Ray Free Electron Laser

by Yuji Sano, Kiyotaka Masaki, Koichi Akita, Kentaro Kajiwara and Tomokazu Sano

Metals 2020, 10(11), 1490; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111490 - 9 Nov 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3007

Abstract

Synchrotron radiation (SR) and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) are indispensable tools not only for the exploration of science but also for the evolution of industry. We used SR and XFEL to elucidate the mechanism and the effects of laser peening without coating (LPwC) which enhances the durability of metallic materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) employing SR revealed that the residual stress (RS) in the top surface became compressive as the laser pulse irradiation density increased with appropriate overlapping of adjacent laser pulses. SR-based computed tomography (CT) was used to nondestructively reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) images of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy, revealing that LPwC retarded crack propagation on the surface and inside of the sample. SR-based computed laminography (CL) was applied to friction stir welded (FSWed) aluminum alloy plates to visualize fatigue cracks propagating along the welds. The fatigue crack had complicated shape; however, it became a semi-ellipsoid once projected onto a plane perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction. Ultra-fast XRD using an XFEL was conducted to investigate the dynamic response of aluminum alloy to an impulsive pressure wave simulating the LPwC condition. The diffraction pattern changed from spotty to smooth, implying grain refinement or subgrain formation. Shifts in diffraction angles were also observed, coinciding with the pressure history of laser irradiation. The durations of the dynamic phenomena were less than 1 µs; it may be possible to use high-repetition lasers at frequencies greater than kHz to reduce LPwC processing times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Peening for Improving Fatigue Properties of Aluminium Alloys)

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