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Metals
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Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II
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Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 6032

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariusz Król

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: thermal analysis; mechanical properties; casting; alloy; light metals; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main factors contributing to the functional properties of a metallic material are its chemical composition and the applied technologies which affect the material both directly and indirectly through its structure. Complex relationships exist not only between a technology and a material structure, but also between a material structure and its properties, including the behavior of metallic materials. The structure of a material, as a factor subject to a very wide range of changes and modifications, is important in shaping the material’s properties. The properties of metallic materials can be divided into those that are sensitive to changes in the material’s structure and those that do not show particular sensitivity to these changes. In general terms, heat treatment is a technological process that changes the mechanical and physicochemical properties of metals and solid alloys by causing changes to the structure that are mainly a function of temperature, time, and environmental conditions. Modern technology has specific requirements for the used materials. Further, metallic materials should be employed wisely in conditions that allow optimal use of their potential functional properties. Heat treatment, to a certain extent, provides these conditions to metallic materials, shaping their structure both in their entire volume and on their surface. Any shortcomings in heat treatment technology negatively affect the properties of the finished products or the further production phase.

In this Special Issue, we seek to provide a wide set of articles on various aspects of heat treatment and thermal treatment and on the mechanical properties of metals and alloys. The idea is to demonstrate the power of heat treatment and how it influences the properties of metals and alloys. It is hoped that this open-access issue will provide a place for anyone to familiarize themselves with the current state of the art in this field. Articles on heat treatment and thermal processing methods, thermomechanical treatment, cryogenic treatment, metallurgy, characterization, and evaluation of metallic materials are welcome.

Dr. Mariusz Król
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat treatment
  • thermal treatment
  • thermomechanical treatment
  • metallurgy
  • microstructure
  • mechanical property
  • metals
  • alloys

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7473 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) Alloy
by Shenglan Guo, Qi Wang, Xiangdong Xing, Yueli Du, Jianlu Zheng, Sunxuan Wang and Zhenghua Shen
Metals 2023, 13(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010015 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1116
Abstract
The mechanical properties of Zr-based alloys, such as strength and elongation, are heavily dependent on the cooling rate during heat treatment. Understanding the phase transformation and microstructural evolution in various cooling media can establish the connection between the cooling rate and mechanical properties. [...] Read more.
The mechanical properties of Zr-based alloys, such as strength and elongation, are heavily dependent on the cooling rate during heat treatment. Understanding the phase transformation and microstructural evolution in various cooling media can establish the connection between the cooling rate and mechanical properties. The effect of the cooling rate on the phase, microstructure, and tensile properties of Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) alloy is studied in this paper. The results show that the phase composition of the samples transforms from α+β to α+β+ω, and, finally, to α+α’+ω, while the average grain size of α phase decreases from 3.73 μm to 1.96 μm, and the distribution varies from compact to scattering as the cooling rate increases. Hf tends to distribute in β phase, and the slower cooling rate is beneficial to the existence of Hf. The strength and microhardness enhances monotonously, while the elongation ascends first, then decreases as the cooling rate increases. The high strength of water-cooling samples is attributed to the reduction in average grain size and volume fraction of α phase, and the lath α’ martensite and granular ω phase. The fracture pattern of Zr-4Hf-3Nb (wt%) alloy is ductile fracture, and the plasticity gets better with decreasing cooling rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II)
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12 pages, 4726 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Partitioning Temperature on Residual Austenite and Mechanical Properties of Q&P High Strength Steel during the Continuous Annealing Process
by Lin Liu, Hongbin Li, Haiwei Xu, Xin Dai, Yaqiang Tian and Liansheng Chen
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122165 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1150
Abstract
Q&P steel has the advantages of high strength and high elongation, but the key to the production of Q&P steel is the control of heat treatment temperatures, such as the annealing temperature and the partitioning temperature. In this work, SEM, TEM, EBSD, and [...] Read more.
Q&P steel has the advantages of high strength and high elongation, but the key to the production of Q&P steel is the control of heat treatment temperatures, such as the annealing temperature and the partitioning temperature. In this work, SEM, TEM, EBSD, and other methods are used to study the effects of different partitioning temperatures on the microstructure and properties of 2.0 Mn low-carbon Q&P steel during the continuous annealing process. The results show that the grain size and quantity of the residual austenite (RA) increase significantly with the increase in the partitioning temperature, and the strength of the machine can reach 27.2 GPa% at the partitioning temperature of 370 °C. Meanwhile, the retention mechanism of the residual austenite at the partitioning stage is also clarified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II)
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22 pages, 6601 KiB  
Article
Development of Low-Alloyed Low-Carbon Multiphase Steels under Conditions Similar to Those Used in Continuous Annealing and Galvanizing Lines
by Emmanuel Gutiérrez-Castañeda, Carlos Galicia-Ruiz, Lorena Hernández-Hernández, Alberto Torres-Castillo, Dirk Frederik De Lange, Armando Salinas-Rodríguez, Rogelio Deaquino-Lara, Rocío Saldaña-Garcés, Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde, Iván Reyes-Domínguez and Javier Aguilar-Carrillo
Metals 2022, 12(11), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12111818 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1914
Abstract
In the present work, a Cr+Mo+Si low-alloyed low-carbon steel was fabricated at laboratory scale and processed to produce multiphase advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), under thermal cycles similar to those used in a continuous annealing and galvanizing process. Cold-rolled steel samples with a microstructure [...] Read more.
In the present work, a Cr+Mo+Si low-alloyed low-carbon steel was fabricated at laboratory scale and processed to produce multiphase advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), under thermal cycles similar to those used in a continuous annealing and galvanizing process. Cold-rolled steel samples with a microstructure constituted of pearlite, bainite, and martensite in a matrix ferrite, were subjected to an intercritical annealing (817.5 °C, 15 s) and further isothermal bainitic treatment (IBT) to investigate the effects of time (30 s, 60 s, and 120 s) and temperature (425 °C, 450 °C, and 475 °C) on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. Results of an in situ phase transformation analysis show that annealing in the two-phase region leads to a microstructure of ferrite + austenite; the latter transforms, on cooling to IBT, to pro-eutectoid ferrite and bainite, and the austenite-to-bainite transformation advanced during IBT holding. On final cooling to room temperature, austenite transforms to martensite, but a small amount is also retained in the microstructure. Samples with the lowest temperature and largest IBT time resulted in the highest ultimate tensile strength/ductility ratio (1230.6 MPa-16.0%), which allows to classify the steel within the third generation of AHSS. The results were related to the presence of retained austenite with appropriate stability against mechanically induced martensitic transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II)
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7 pages, 3713 KiB  
Article
Phase Formation and Stabilization Behavior of Ca-PSZ by Post-Heat Treatment
by Hyunjo Yoo, Hwanseok Lee, Kanghee Jo, Juyoung Kim, Ilguk Jo and Heesoo Lee
Metals 2022, 12(9), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091479 - 5 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1149
Abstract
The phase formation and stabilization behaviors of calcia partially stabilized zirconia (Ca-PSZ) were investigated with regard to the CaO content and post-heat treatment. Sintered specimens were prepared by adding 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol% to CaO to ZrO2, and post-heat [...] Read more.
The phase formation and stabilization behaviors of calcia partially stabilized zirconia (Ca-PSZ) were investigated with regard to the CaO content and post-heat treatment. Sintered specimens were prepared by adding 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol% to CaO to ZrO2, and post-heat treatment were conducted. In the X-ray diffraction pattern, the monoclinic peak decreased, the tetragonal peak increased upon CaO doping, and no CaZrO3 peak was observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of the Ca-PSZ showed that the d-spacing of 4CSZ (200)m extended from 0.260 nm to 0.266 nm subsequent to post-heat treatment. The coefficient of thermal expansion gradually increased in accordance with the dopant concentration, in addition, it increased even after the post-heat treatment. These results are related to the increase in tetragonal phase, which has a relatively higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the monoclinc phase. According to the Vickers hardness measurement, the hardness of all specimens increased gradually as the concentration of CaO increased, and the hardness of the 5CSZ was improved from 676 to 774 Hv by the post-heat treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties of Metals and Alloys II)
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